A report on the structure and nature of sexual harassment

A report on the structure and nature of sexual harassment Abstract Sexual harassment may be perceived by different individuals differently depending on their circumstances and the other parties involved. This experiment aimed at determining the effect of the status of the harasser on the perception of sexual harassment by the victim.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on A report on the structure and nature of sexual harassment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The experiment was carried out in an academic setting where it involved professors, teaching assistants and students as participants in the study. The circumstances under which sexual harassment occurred as perceived by the victim were particularly analyzed. The study was based on the hypothesis that the perception that sexual harassment had occurred increased as the status of the harasser increased. Introduction Most organizations have sexual harassment policies that are defined in terms of the behaviors that constitu te sexual harassment. It is important to understand if variables other than the behavior of the harasser influence people’s perceptions of sexual harassment. Tata (1993) found that several factors including harasser status affected perceptions of sexual harassment in a work setting. The purpose of the present experiment was to investigate the effect of the status of the harasser on perceptions of sexual harassment in an academic setting. I hypothesized that as the status of the harasser increases, so is the perception that sexual harassment has occurred. Method The experiments to determine the effect of the status of the harasser on the perceptions of sexual harassment was done in an academic setting involving students, teaching assistants and professors. The age, the number of times the harassment had occurred and the likely reason of sexual harassment were recorded from various participants in the study. In all the studies, sixty three participants from each of the three ca tegories of participants were studied. The study particularly considered the gender and the race of the participants and the effect the two had on sexual harassment of the victims. After collecting data using questionnaires and direct interviews from the various participants in the study, the data was then analyzed using well known methods of data analysis. The results were then tabulated the analyses presented in form of graphs that were easy to interpret.Advertising Looking for case study on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Results The frequencies of sexual harassment based on gender indicated that more females encountered sexual harassment compared to their male counterparts. The frequencies of sexual harassment based on race indicated that Hispanics had experienced the most incidents of sexual harassment, followed by Asians, Native Americans then blacks in that order. Lowest incidences of sexual harass ment were recorded among the whites. These results were consistent for all the three categories of participants. Descriptive statistics for all the three categories of the participants in the study indicated the largest deviation among professors, followed by the teaching assistants then lastly the students. The results were then analyzed and presented using graphs. The first category of graph analyzed the sexually harassed individuals against their status, that is, whether they are students, teaching assistants or professors. The results of the analysis indicated that more proffesors had been sexually harassed, followed by teaching assistants then students. The second category of graph analyzed the reasons that led to the sexual harassment against the status of the individual participants. The results still indicated that for each of reason leading to sexual harassment, more professors had been victims of sexual harassment, followed by teaching assistants then lastly students. Disc ussion From the experiment, the professor category was found to have experienced the most incidences of sexual harassment, followed by teaching assistants, then students. This was mainly due to the age factor. Professors were of a more advanced age, followed by the teaching assistants then finally the students. Having lived for longer meant they had been through more circumstances that warranted sexual harassment. The fact that the professors have experienced more sexual harassment can also be explained by the change in times. During the earlier days, societies were very conservative and hence the cases of harassment were rare. The behavior that was portrayed by the people of the yesteryears was not as aggressive as that we see today. The images, actions and the behavior of the generations today tend to be very sexually oriented. Therefore, the older people might misunderstand the actions of some of the younger people as amounting to sexual harassment.Advertising We will wri te a custom case study sample on A report on the structure and nature of sexual harassment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The same case is true as the age brackets differ. Younger generations, having been exposed to too much sex from a young age may not realize that some actions towards them actually amount to sexual harassment. This is because the line between flirtation and sexual harassment has become thinner. Considering the gender, more women reported sexual harassment compared to men. This was mainly because; women are more susceptible to sexual harassment than men. In some cases, women may consider accidental contact with men as sexual harassment, a situation that a man would not actually consider as sexual harassment. Finally, the race of the participants also determined whether they were sexually harassed or not. The issue of race was quite sensitive in the study since some races would feel discriminated, therefore considering sex ual harassment in more circumstances than other races. Generally, Hispanics reported more harassment both by members of their own race and by members of the other races. Hispanics were reportedly the most frequent harassers against all the other races. There was a general perception by members of given races to consider sexual harassment more from members of other races than their own. Hispanics and blacks in America have a culture that is against â€Å"snitching†. This is reporting what another person has done to the authorities even if it was a crime. This culture has caused many cases of violent crime to be unreported to the police and thus, the commission of these crimes continues to proliferate. Experts have drawn a line between commission of violent crimes and rape. They have promoted the theory that these crimes are about the assertion of power, thus a violent person is very likely to commit a rape. This fact may be the reason why Hispanics report the largest number of sexual harassment cases as they usually go unreported and thus unpunished hence ensuring the repetition of the crimes over and over again and in turn incurring more victims. Reference Tata, J. (1993). The structure and phenomenon of sexual harassment: Impact of category of sexually harassing behavior, gender and hierarchical level. United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing.Advertising Looking for case study on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Hundred year war essays

Hundred year war essays The definition of the Golden Rule is that those with the gold make the rules. In other words, those with the gold have the power as well as those with the power have the gold. History books will discuss the general reasons for war such as freedom from adversity or freedom from religion. But the real issue for any war is the thirst for power and control; and the means to finance them are the economic issues. Nations will endure years of fighting for power and control. France and England fought each other for more than a hundred years to have control of the Channel trade routes. 1 This century of warring was known as The Hundred Years' War and is the longest war in record history. It began in 1337 when King Edward III invaded Normandy and ended in 1453 when France won the Battle of Bordeaux. However, it was not a hundred years of constant battle; there were periods of truces in between. 2 One cause for the Hundred Years' War was the claim to the French throne. The conflict began when the direct line of succession died without a male heir and the nobles decided to pass the crown to a cousin, Philip of Valois. But this left two other male cousins equally deserving of the crown; Charles, King of Navarre and Edward III, King of England. 3 Edward III claimed that he himself was deserving of the throne because his mother was the sister of the late French king, while Philip VI was only a cousin. But according to French law, no women could inherit the throne, nor could the crown be inherited through a woman. 4 "Philip of Valois chances of becoming King of France had been remote and he had not been brought up as the future lieutenant of God on Earth. Philip VI spent much of his resources on entertainment and finery with gay abandon." 5 This caused conflict with the king's subjects. Since the king was considered to be sacred and inviolable, neither cousin would challenge Phil...

Second most income for saudi arabia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Second most income for saudi arabia - Essay Example The country’s stability in both its religious and economic status makes it one of the most prestigious Islamic States. Saudi Arabia’s strict adherence to Sharia Law and religious rituals has made the country a significant religious center in the world. The country is largely occupied by the Sunni Muslims, who account for more than a third of the total population in Saudi Arabia. This essay will cover the impact of the two pilgrimages, Hajj and Umrah in Saudi Arabia’s economy while also citing the respective countries that attend these pilgrimages. The Hajj and Umrah are important rituals in the Islam religion; the practices are conducted for religious dedications as well as acts of solidarity among the Muslims in the entire world. For instance, the Hajj pilgrimage is attributed to the great prophet Muhammad, which dates back to the seventh century. Although Umrah is optional unlike Hajj Muslim turn in great numbers to mark the practice, which is symbolic of their Islamic faith. The Hajj is a requirement for all Muslims at some point of their lives as long as they are financially and physically able. The continuous practice of these two pilgrimages over the years have not only improved Saudi Arabia’s economy but also strengthened the Islamic faith among Muslims worldwide. Millions of Muslim visitors who go to perform the annual Hajj and Umrah spend billions of dollars in Mecca. Al-Monitor states that the revenues generated from Hajj and Umrah in 2012 were about 62 billion riyals, which were a 10% increment compared to the previous year. The reports also indicate that out of the three million pilgrims who attended the Hajj ritual in 2012, 1.7 million were foreign visitors. The pilgrims were organized according their nationalities, out of the 189 different countries that the pilgrims had come from. According to Al-Monitor, the expert sources that provided the estimate statistics also indicated

Work and how it has changed in the past 100 years and what effect it Essay

Work and how it has changed in the past 100 years and what effect it has had on resource managers - Essay Example There is email that promises communication without delay, facebook that shows the current status of friends, colleagues and peers, and skype that allows the people to interact with one another without having to visit one another or spend money on calling one another. In the contemporary age, people do not need to pay a dime in order to communicate with one another live 24 / 7 if they pay their internet and electricity bills in time. Skype plays the role of videoconferencing in both the e-businesses as well as the brick and mortar businesses. As the name implies, the human resource department has approach to many candidates who want to be part of the firm. Human resource department is a department that supplies humans to an organization for work just like a mineral resource provides us with minerals. From time to time, as per the need of the hour, human resource department keeps hiring new employees. The employees are hired according to the gaps identified in the existing organization structure, so that it becomes stronger and more effective when the gaps thus identified are filled in. The difference between the work culture that existed 100 years ago and that which exists today is fundamentally that of the difference between a brick and mortar business and an e-business. In the conventional brick and mortar business, candidates are necessarily interviewed before their selection into the organization.

Thomas Treadwell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Thomas Treadwell - Essay Example There was a great transformation in American thinking intellectually, socially and politically. Treadwell was a patriot who joined the others in fighting the American loyalists and British to replace the royal government based in Massachusetts. In 1787, the year in which the constitutional convention took place, Thomas Treadwell was a judge of the court of the court of probate. He had been in this position from the beginning of 1778. This convention took place in Philadelphia to address the problems that had been experienced from the time of revolution in governing the United States of America (USC). Many had disputes about the election and composition of the Senate. The bone of contention was the definition of proportional representation. This was the question of inclusion of slaves or other property. There also questions on presidential elections, whether judges should be chosen by executive or by the law, whether to allow abolition of slave trade, and how long the presidential term would be. Many had also argued that presidential power ought to be divided between three persons and that executive power must not be left to one person. Thomas Treadwell was most interested in the constitutional convention of 1787 because at the time he was a judge which was one of the major issues that this convention was to address. The convention would address whether they would be chosen by the state laws or by the president and whoever else that was part of the executive. Treadwell being a specialist in laws would be affected by this convention across the board even as he moved into different posts. Between 1786- 1789 he gave his service in the New York State senate (USC). He viewed the constitutional convention as a platform through which Americans would come up with new laws to govern there nation’s operations. Treadwell was actively part of the delegation which first agreed on the principles of the convention. This

Primark as a Subsidiary of ABF: Expansion Strategy

Primark as a Subsidiary of ABF: Expansion Strategy Primark is a subsidiary company within the Associated British Foods group. ABFs core values are shared taking care of our people, being good neighbours and fostering ethical business relationships along with the groups overriding principles in relation to human rights, employment conditions, business practices, suppliers and other stakeholders. Primarks success is led by a unique combination of fast fashion and lean operations with most based in India and Bangladesh. The first Penneys store opened in Mary Street, Dublin in June 1969 and within a year four more stores were added in the Greater Dublin area. Within a year, four more stores were added all in the Greater Dublin area. In 1971, the first large store outside Dublin was opened in Cork and by the end of that year there were 11 more stores in Ireland and one in Northern Ireland and the numbers of stores increasing to 18 by the end of 1973. In 1984, 5 more stores were added after acquisition from Woolworth. From 1984 to 1994 a further 13 stores were added in the UK and 12 in Ireland, bringing the total to 66 stores 32 in the UK and 34 in Ireland. Primark had a milestone year in 1995 with the development of the UK business following the acquisition of the BHS One-Up discount chain. This led to adding of 16 stores to the UK business in London area. The next major development occurred in 1999 with the acquisition of 11 stores from the Co-Op, including Reading. The Reading property, after much refurbishment, also facilitated the much-needed relocation of the UK buying offices. In 2000, C A retreated from the UK. Primark acquired 11 of their stores which brought store numbers to 108, consisting of 75 in UK and 33 in Ireland (Primark, 2010). A new store opened in Blanchard town, Dublin in 2001 and the numbers of stores was reached a figure of 108. It was followed by two new stores in Glasgow and Birmingham. At the end of 2001, the number of stores had grown to 109 (75 in UK and 34 in Ireland). In 2002, two major stores were opened in Glasgow and Birmingham. In the period of 2004-2005, 14 new stores were opened, and in 2005, six stores were acquired from Allders, three of which opened in 2006. In July 2005, the acquisition of Littlewoods stores by ABF plc which comprised an estate of 120 premises was completed, of which 41 stores were transferred to Primark. With an eye on global markets, Primark decided to go few step further by expanding its stores in Spain in 2006. After successful expansion in Spain, Primark decided to develop its market by entering Netherlands (Rotterdam) in December 2008, May 2009 in Germany (Bremen and Frankfurt) and December 2009 Belgium (Lià ¨ge). Despite the great expansions, internal capabilities to maintain healthy profits and lean operations, Primark, a cut-price clothes retailer, have had some ongoing bad press about their suppliers over the last couple of years including news about the use of child labour to produce their goods (Corporate EYE, 2009). The discount clothing chain beloved of bargain hunters, has been rated the least ethical place to buy clothes in Britain in 2005. Primark scores just 2.5 out of 20 on an ethical index that ranks the leading clothing chains on criteria such as workers rights and whether they do business with oppressive regimes. Mk One and Marks Spencer were ranked second and third worst for ethics by Ethical Consumer magazine (The Independent, 2005) PP protested outside stores in six cities drawing shoppers attention to the true cost of their clothes, collecting hundreds of signatures from shoppers and reaching an even wider audience through the press coverage they generated in 2005. Ethical Consumers criticised the company for not having a code of conduct, selling leather goods and environmentally-damaging PVC products and for operating in an oppressive regime China. According to Ethical Consumer, those people shopping in Primark because the prices are low, they must be aware that they are low for a reason (Ethical Consumer, 2010) Also Panorama puts Primarks claims that it can deliver cheap, fast fashion without breaking ethical guidelines to the test. Posing as industry buyers in India, the programmes reporter Tom Heap and his team find some of Indias poorest people working long, gruelling hours on Primark clothes in slum workshops and refugee camps far away from the Primark approved and inspected factories; breaking promises on child labour, working hours and wages. When presented with the results of the investigation Primark sacked a number of its suppliers and announced it was setting up a childrens foundation. Primark said it was unaware of the actions of its suppliers. They say they represent a tiny proportion of their supply chain and that its reinforcing its stringent ethical standards in meetings with suppliers (BBC, 2005) Companies often say that they are responsible but failing to recognize the real meaning and need of being ethical can affect a business in many ways. It is very important for businesses to operate in such a manner that if wont affects their reputation. This was the case with Primark who clearly failed to tackle the ethical issues well and ended up in the position of being the least ethical. Its ignorance of the interests of society led to many unsatisfied customers protesting against them. As corporate social responsibility refers to the moral obligations placed on organisations to act in ways which protect and improve the interests of the communities with which they interact and this may be in respect of local, regional, national or international communities, and relates both to social institutions and culture, and the physical environment, Watkinson Report (1973) has summed the essence of social responsibility as followed: A company should behave like a good citizen in business. The law does not (and cannot) contain or prescribe the whole duty of a citizen. A good citizen takes account of the interests of others besides him and tries to exercise an informal and imaginative ethical judgment in deciding what he should or should not do. This, it is suggested, is how companies should seek to behave. (Watkinson, 1973) Although the above statement seems quite reasonable, there is considerable debate about the extent to which organisations should respond and take on, to some extent, these kinds of responsibility. We can say that most organisations have accepted that they should, where resources permit, acknowledge at least some degree of responsibility above and beyond the law in respect of the concerns of society. Companies are, therefore, increasingly developing strategies to put this into effect, and in parallel, also developing strategies to enhance their reputation and using their socially responsible actions to build their image. Some of the main strategies for implementing social responsibility by companies are: Environmentally-Conscious Green Working Practices and Outputs with putting concern about the environment into practice means adopting policy and procedures that conserve and replenish resources, through such actions as: Ethical purchasing policies, Recycling waste products and using recycled products, Reducing the amount of physical resources used where they are not directly connected to the production process, or necessary within that (e.g. avoiding excessive packaging) and Energy conservation policies (GreenWorking, 2010) Social Accounting and Social Audit in order to assess how well an organisation is meeting its obligations to the society in which it operates, it has been suggested that it should compile a social balance sheet. This interesting idea reverses many of the points of classical accounting: for example, in terms of profit and loss, taxes paid by the organisation are treated as revenue (because they accrue to society) whereas fees and payments to the organisation are treated as costs (because they are paid by society). Society is seen as evaluating what it puts into the company and what it gets out of it. Social audit draws attention to the fact that a firms gain can sometimes be a loss to society (ASAN, 2009). Support for Community Projects using the term community to refer to the constituency served by the organisation: local, regional, national, international. Organisations support a wide variety of non-profit-making projects, such as theatre groups, concerts, sporting events. Ethical Outsourcing refers to the way in which operations are outsourced and the commitments made, and action taken, about the treatment of workers in outsourced operations. Is this particular case, Primark struggled as it failed to show the commitment made towards their suppliers. As in recent years the subject of corporate social responsibility has widened into what is generally referred to as business ethics. Ethics can be defined as moral philosophy which teaches people their duty and the reasons for it. Therefore, it can be said that ethics are principles concerned with interpersonal behaviour. If they are such principles, then: They should be universally applicable; they should provide the standards by means of which the conduct of people can be compared and they can be taught, and thus help to establish generally acceptable standards of conduct. Many business and professional groups, for example in the legal and medical fields, have adopted codes of conduct for their membership which help to establish a standard of acceptable behaviour and these in turn help to further ethical practices. After many draw backs, this is the case with Primark. Primark has developed strong code of conduct and started putting strong focused on ethical trading as they find out soon that the way in which organisations perform their activities within society has an effect both on society in general and on individuals and their values. The question how we can offer good quality fashion at low prices is now answered highlighting their success basing on big volumes, low mark-ups, and minimal advertising. The business responds quickly in the marketplace, and has short lines of management, good buying and excellent distribution. Being firm but fair with their suppliers, and offer terms that compare favourably with those of our competitors is key to their success. In fact, more than 95% of their factories are shared with other brands. Learning from the past, Primark is firmly committed to improving the ethical performance of their business and that of their suppliers and their factories. Primark recognises that as with other retailers, the key challenges in terms of endemic non-compliances remain control of working hours, unauthorised sub-contracting, minimum wages and the definition of a living wage. Working conditions are the most common cause of non-compliance but typically the easiest and quickest to address. The root causes of such poor practice in the supply chain are complex and Primark has a four-fold strategy for supporting compliance with the Code and live up to our ethical standards: supplier selection, auditing, remediation and training (Primark, 2010). Primark also supports many local charitable organisations, community projects, families and individuals across the UK and Ireland throughout the year.    Strategies that firm can Implement Primark has internal capabilities to for growth and analysing its external environment, it is suggested that Primark can invest in growth and further expansion with the focus on market development. The difficulty here lies in deciding which financial aspect to measure, since a companys financial situation represents different things to different people. For example: Shareholders in the company are mainly interested in the returns they receive for the money they have invested in terms of dividends paid and increases in share values. On the other hand, financiers, who have provided funds through loans to the company, are more interested in the risks which these represent as shown by its gearing ratio of debt/equity. Those who are suppliers of goods, services or materials to the company are mostly concerned about its liquidity and its ability to pay for such items in the short term. The companys employees are also interested in its liquidity, as this affects its ability to pay salaries. The Porters Generic Strategy Model including three strategies; cost leader, differentiator or focus/niche where Primark has placed clearly them as cost leader in the market. It has been a success adopting this strategy and therefore to maintain the position as a cost leader is beneficial for Primark. Direction of a strategy can take several different forms such as withdrawal from the market, either full or partial; can be the correct direction to take. Consolidation within a growing market is another strategic option. Market penetration is the third option which means taking advantage of opportunities to increase market share. The ease with which this can be done will depend, as with consolidation, on the current state of the market. If it is a growing market then penetration may be relatively easy, if the market is static it will be much more difficult due to the activities of larger market shareholders. In declining markets the scope for penetration will depend to a large extent on whether or not others are leaving it. Product development is another option and is often carried out by companies in order to cater for changes in consumer demands. Market development is often carried out by companies developing new markets whilst trying to maintain their position in their current market(s). One of the ways market development can be achieved is by companies starting to expanding or engaging in international trade. Diversification is an other direction which companies can take and enter into other products and/or markets, by means of internal or external development. When a company develops beyond its present product and market whilst remaining in the same area, this is described as related diversification. By developing products internally rather than using outside agencies, the company can have the advantage of using skills and knowledge acquired during the development in order to market the product more effectively. Similarly, developing new markets through the use of internal staff helps the sales force to better understand the market. Acquisition is another option. One of the advantages of acquisition as a method of carrying out a strategy is that it enables the company to obtain new products or markets very quickly. In order to test the effectiveness of acquisition Drucker has suggested five simple rules: (i) The acquiring business must consider what value it can add to the acquired business. This may include management, technology, distribution, etc. Finance is necessary but unlikely to be sufficient on its own. (ii) A common core of unity must exist between the businesses in terms of markets, products, technology, etc. This helps to create a common culture or at least sympathy between the two separate ones. (iii) The acquiring companys management must understand the business being acquired. (iv) The acquiring company must put a quality management team quickly into the acquired business. (v) The acquiring business must be able to retain the best management from both businesses. One of the ways that businesses develop is through franchises, where the franchiser is Responsible for setting up an outlet (such as Spudulike or Kwik Print) and for marketing, training, etc., and the franchise holder undertakes specific activities such as selling. Joint ventures are arrangements between organisations which remain independent but have an equal share in the new organisation. In these arrangements the assets are jointly managed but can be separated. These are organisations which are innovative and regularly the first to bring new products into the marketplace. Such a company is likely to be powerful, with a large share in the market and having high resources. It will gain a competitive advantage from being first into the market. However, leaders have to have the necessary strategies to: protect their current market share; encourage existing customers to increase their demand; attract and retain new customers; update the product design/service for its customers; introduce new products to new markets. In order to carry out these strategies, the company needs to adopt a policy of: innovation by always being ahead of its competitors; and fortification by pursuing activities which are aimed at keeping the competition down (ABE/CSP, 2004) It is best suggested that Primark should take more advantage of globalisation and utilise the opportunity to develop new markets for the growth. It can be done by entering more international trading blocks such as European countries or expansion of market through new marketing mix such as improving product distribution by use of internet order and deliver system for customers. Diversification could be a option for the investment and add a sub strategic unit depending on the internal capabilities and external opportunities. However, as Primark has been performing strong in its existing operating business, it would be beneficial to choose a strategy related to market development and keeping the same product. Globalisation and technology As it would be hard to set one definition for globalisation, in generally globalization can be defined as the interdependence, connectivity and integration on a global level with respect to the social, cultural, political, technological, economic and ecological levels. Globalisation came to be seen as more than simply a way of doing business, or running financial markets it became a process. From then on the word took on a life of its own. Centuries earlier, in a similar manner, the techniques of industrial manufacturing led to the changes associated with the process of industrialisation, as former country dwellers migrated to the cramped but booming industrial cities to tend the new machines (Guardians, 2010). As the main advantage of can be seen as globalization increases the economic prosperity and opportunity in the developing world. It also enhances the civil liberties and there is a more efficient use of resources. All the countries involved in the free trade are at a profit which results in lower prices, more employment and a better standard of life in these developing nations. It is feared that some developing regions progress at the expense of other developed regions. However, such doubts are futile as globalization is a positive-sum chance in which the skills and technologies enable to increase the living standards throughout the world. Liberals look at globalization as an efficient tool to eliminate penury and allow the poor people a firm foothold in the global economy. In two decades from 1981 to 2001, the number of people surviving on $1 or less per day decreased from 1.5 billion to 1.1 billion. Simultaneously, the world population also increased. Thus, the percentage of such p eople decreased from 40% to 20% in such developing countries (The World Bank, 2009). Globalisation has benefits in such a way that more economies and societies can take advantage. It has major effect on world market and it has resulted in many advantages. As the efforts of WTO have been paying hard to reduce barriers between the countries to promote international trade, it has been a major aspect of global economy. Goods and people can be now transferred with more ease and speed rather ten those traditional ways involving heavy documentation. One of the major points to be noted for the developing countries is the settlement of their own countries. It also increases the trade opportunities between the two countries that have dispute and by doing so it leads to avoidance of unnecessary disputes or wars. It also increases free trade between other countries and builds new or stronger relationship between nations. One of the biggest advantages is to be observed in the media sector. Global media connects all the people in the world. Not only the trade but also cultures and traditions have been transferred by people in ti all other countries leading to better understanding of cultures, religions and beliefs of each other. The society is more becoming like a global village. It also increases the interdependence of the nation states. Investment of developed countries in developing ones increases which has resulted from increased liquidity of capital. It also results in more flexibility of corporation of corporations to operate across borders increases. Effects of globalisation includes enhancement in the information flow between geographically locations. It will lead to more competition as well as new product development as the global market will be competing with new innovation which can be animated across the globe. The global common market has a freedom of exchange of goods and capital. It is more likely that companies successful in home countries will expand and take advantage of global market. From consumers point of view, it increases the choice, style and quality of same products as companies compete for the market share which will lead to reduction of prices. It has increased foreign investment, including import/export, joint ventures and foreign direct investment. Production options are also increased for the companies to produce worldwide depending on the suitability for the organisation. Free circulation of people of different nations leads to social benefits. Global environmental problems like cross-boundary pollution, over fishing on oceans, climate changes are solved by discussions easier than before. Globalisation has also led to more innovations for the solution of telecommunication by use of communication satellites, the Internet, and wireless telephones. It has also resulted in the launch of criminal courts and international justice movements. The standards applied globally like patents, copyright laws and world trade agreements are increased to protect the rights of the inventor over the whole world. Corporate, national and sub-national borrowers have a better access to external finance and therefore, worldwide financial markets have emerged. International travel and tourism has increased and this has led to more cultural diversity. Worldwide sporting events like the Olympic Games, Cricket Wold Cup and the FIFA World Cup are held globally in selected countries and it has been easier for spectators to follow the games whether through media or attending the event including music and film indu stries. Cross cultural contact increases and there is cultural diffusion all leading to increasing the desire to use foreign ideas and products. This will result in increased immigration between the countries and also give opportunities to local consumer products to be exported to other countries. Due to development of containerization for ocean shipping, the transportation costs are reduced. Technological developments are conceived as the main facilitator and driving force of most of the globalization processes. In simple definition, technology can be seen as the socialized knowledge of producing goods and services by the use of technological resources. Technology has five important elements: production, knowledge, instruments, possession and change. Technology improves our capacity to produce effective and efficient. Technology can also be defined as Know-How to produce products or services better then the competitors using resources in such a manner to gain a competitive advantage over your competitor. Technology is a result of intellectual activities and therefore, technology is type of intellectual property. Today technology is developed through research and development institutions as integral parts of the universities. Instruments are mostly physical such as computers, vacuum cleaners or pencils, but sometimes there are immaterial instruments too, such as databases or algorithms in computer programming. Those people who possess technology also control it. Controlling technology has usually something to do with economics and politics. Therefore we can speak of technologically rich and poor countries and the struggle among them usually in the forms of patents, transfers and protection of intellectual rights. Technological factors also include ecological and environmental aspects, such as RHYPE RLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDD activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. They can determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Furthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation. (ABE/OB, 2005) Globalisation can be seen as market expansion, concerned with extending the area in which a business operates, so that more potential customers are aware of the products or services you are providing. It also includes extending your operation in different countries. Very often organisations cannot operate at full efficiency unless they take advantage of technological factors that help them to operate globally. The need to compete has continued to grow, so that, having covered a country, the next step is to move over a continent, and then finally to sell your products/services worldwide. Most capital goods companies have moved into overseas markets as their home markets become saturated. As more and more companies become multinational corporations, so more and more service organisations such as insurance companies, have been forced to follow because these multinationals are their clients. Exporting is a method of market expansion and is usually the first step towards international tra ding. This is often followed by the business setting up locations in other countries, where its products are manufactured as well as marketed, in order to take advantage of the local availability of raw materials, or of cheap labour, thus reducing transport costs. Technology factors such as transportation and telecommunication are vital. In the case of overseas investment, it is important to have Know-How to operate effectively and efficient in the new selected market. Apart from transportations technologies, telecommunication will play a major part as overseas department or productions points will be controlled from the head office using telecommunications such as internet and phones. This next stage in development towards global trading is for the organisation to locate some of its manufacturing, distribution or marketing operations overseas will involve all major technological factors. An international business applies marketing operations across national frontiers and will usual ly have subsidiaries established in its major markets. It may even export from these subsidiaries using the technology available to them including transfer of information. Multinational companies operate in a large number of different countries. They differ mainly from international companies in terms of scale and of attitude. National identities almost disappear and managers see the world as a whole, although having local differences. Technology aspects such as research and development and innovations are key factors for those organisations. On the other hand, the technology has supported globalisation heavily and it rapidly increases the efficiency to operate effective in global markets through telecommunications, navigation, satellite, transportations and RD. (ABE, MIO) Conclusion Primark is a subsidiary company within the Associated British Foods group. ABFs core values are shared taking care of our people, being good neighbours and fostering ethical business relationships along with the groups overriding principles in relation to human rights, employment conditions, business practices, suppliers and other stakeholders. Primarks success is led by a unique combination of fast fashion and lean operations with most based in India and Bangladesh. After much criticism, Primark recognises that as with other retailers, the key challenges in terms of endemic non-compliances remain control of working hours, unauthorised sub-contracting, minimum wages and the definition of a living wage. Working conditions are the most common cause of non-compliance but typically the easiest and quickest to address. As the main advantage of can be seen as globalization increases the economic prosperity and opportunity in the developing world. It also enhances the civil liberties and t here is a more efficient use of resources. Technological factors also include ecological and environmental aspects, such as RHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDD activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. They can determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Furthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation. Sources Used Managing in Organisation, 2004, Association of Business Executives Organisation Behaviour, 2004, Association of Business Executives Corporate Strategy and Planning, 2004, Association of Business Executives Examples of how Technology Affects Processes in Global Business and e-Business:: http://www.securebusinessresource.com/Examples%20of%20how%20Technology%20Affects%20Processes%20in%20Global%20Business%20and%20e-Business.htm ASAN Social accounting and social audit http://www.asan.org.uk/page.php?identity=social_accounting_and_audit Green working (2010) www.eastsussex.gov.uk/environment/climatechange/working/ Bbc king of no frills fashion http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4466986.stm Primark (2010) www.primark.co.uk/ethical/trading Corporate Eye (2009) http://www.corporate-eye.com/blog/2008/06/handling-a-crisis-at-primark/ Primark is named as least ethical clothes shop By Martin Hickman Consumer Affairs Correspondent Thursday, 8 December 2005 http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/primark-is-named-as-least-ethical-clothes-shop-518600.html Ethical consumer, Panorma puts Primark on the rach http://www.ethicalconsumer.org/EthicalConsumerBlogs/tabid/62/EntryId/201/Panorama-puts-Primark-On-The-Rack.aspx Business Social responsibility (1973), Watkinson Report www.submityourarticle.com/articles/easypublish.php?art_id Guardians What is globalisation? http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/oct/31/globalisation.simonjeffery The World Bank (2009) Globalisation http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTDECINEQ/Resources/1149208-1169141694589/GlobalisationandConvergence.pdf

Canadian Trade Balance Analysis :: essays research papers

Canada   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Canadian economy and the United States economy tend to move together because of the amount of transactions that take place within the two nations due to their geographical proximity. With the United States recently experiencing a downturn in the economy, analysts estimate that the Canadian economy will not be far behind. However, in the past 10 years the Canadian economy and especially the trade balance have been very healthy. Current Account   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since 1992, Canada has increased their amount of exports of goods year-in and year-out until slight downfalls in 2001 and 2002. However, between 1992 and 2000 they raised exports from $135 billion to $289 billion, an increase of 114%. Imports of goods also rose consistently over that nine year period from $128 billion to $244 billion. The key fact there though is that imports rose only 90% compared to a rise in exports of 114%. This has allowed Canada to maintain a very healthy trade balance, which has also risen consistently except for a few decreases in 1997, 1998, and 2002. They have not run a trade balance deficit on goods once since 1992.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Canada’s trade balance for services is similar to their trade balance for goods from a growth perspective, but with fewer breakdowns. Both exports and imports of services took very small hits in 2001. Overall, between 1992 and 2003 exports and imports of services rose 105% and 65% respectively. However with services the Canadian economy continually ran a deficit over this 12 year period.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Canada’s overall balance of goods and services also rose every year except for 1997, 1998, and 2002. They initially were running an overall deficit in 1992 and 1993 from a larger deficit in services than surplus in goods. The most common trend that is evident is that every trade category dropped in 2001 and/or 2002. There were no real substantial drops and the declines were quickly met with increases in the following years. It is likely that Canada’s economy felt at least some of the effects of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 because they are such a large trading partner of the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The statistics indicate that Canada has primarily been an investor abroad, with substantial amounts of cash flows leaving the country. Again, both of these accounts grew almost every year. Between 1992 and 1997, funds received dropped only once in 1993. Likewise, funds invested abroad dropped only once within this time interval in 1996.

Ramayana Divine Loophole

Shaquille Burnett World Lit. 6th period Rama is the main character and superhero of this story. The main character is a hero, who is often possessed of supernatural abilities or qualities. Rama displays his supernatural abilities by being able to pick up a strong edged bow. Also later in the story he has the ability to fly and having the power to neutralize an arrow and fly a chariot. The hero is charged with a quest.Rama has to leave, because sita has two wishes and one of them is exiling him to the forest for 14 years. His wife is kidnapped and wants revenge on ravanna. The hero is tested, often to prove the worthiness of himself and his quest. By facing ravanna on his journey is challenging his worthiness and it tested him on his quest to revenge. The presence of numerous mythical beings, magical and helpful animals, and human helpers and companions, monkeys were part of the magical quest helping Rama to defeat ravanna.The hero’s travels to take him to a supernatural world, often one that normal human beings are barred from entering a forest where there are magical and numerous mythical beings. Rama and his family are happy after years of being in the forest and from being there they destroyed the evil creatures. The cycle must reach a low point where the hero nearly gives up his quest or appears defeated. Rama almost loses; he did not want to beat his enemy by faint. Ravana persuades sita to marry him, Rama and his army undertakes ravana and his army in a fierce battle and reunites with sita.

The Upstairs Room essays

The Upstairs Room essays In the story, The Upstairs Room, by Johanna Reiss, the setting is emphasized. This story takes place during the Holocaust, a very important significant time in history. The Upstairs Room is about the lives of two Jewish sisters during the war, but it focuses on the events happening around them. During the story, the two sisters, Sini and Annie, went into hiding so they wouldnt be sent to a concentration camp. This showed how at this time all Jews men, women, and children were in danger of being sent away to a concentration camp and fighting for their lives. Sini and Annie were confined to the upstairs of the house in which they were being kept in secrecy. They could never go into town and they usually had to stay in bed when company was over so they didnt make any noise. The lives that these girls were living represented the lives of all Jews in hiding during the Holocaust. During the war, the German soldiers would go to town and randomly select people off the streets to work for them. Because of this, the family hiding Sini and Annie also had to be careful. They had to limit the times they went to town to buy food and other necessary items. When they did go to town they had to make sure they didnt do anything suspicious to make people wander if they were hiding Jews. They couldnt buy too much food or material for clothes because they didnt before the war and they wanted people to think everything was the same. In the story one of the major events that took place would be listening to the radio every evening. The family, Sini, and Annie would gather around the radio and listen to hear any new news about the progress of the war. On the radio stories of Hitler would be told. One story mentioned was about the gas chambers at the concentration camps. The broadcaster said that people at the camps were told they were allowed to receive a shower, but instead of water, gas would come ...

Free Essays on The Use Of Love In Troilus And Criseyde

Page 1 Scholars of Chaucer agree that Latin poet Dante influenced the former’s writing of Troilus and Criseyde. As Barry Windeatt says, â€Å"Close verbal parallels are relatively few, but there a range of significant parallels in both poets’†¦understanding of love†¦which suggest how Chaucer may have had the example of the Divine Comedy in mind as he worked on his Troilus† (125-6). The extent of Dante’s influence has remained an issue of debate, especially when talking about the closing stanzas of Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde. What exactly do the last six stanzas of Troilus and Criseyde mean? Are they a reference to Dante’s Divine Comedy, and if so, how much of a reference are they? Was Chaucer reiterating Dante’s thoughts on love, or was he mocking them? It is my argument that the narrator of Troilus and Criseyde, while not completely condemning earthly love, ultimately agrees with Dante’s implication in the Divine Comedy that people should focus their attention on the Divine Love of Go! d instead of the earthly love of humans, because it is only through God’s Love that one can reach heaven. My claim will be supported by dividing the paper into two parts. The first part will deal with how Troilus and Criseyde’s narrator is taking the Christian perspective of why humans should look towards God’s Love. The second will deal with how Chaucer deviates from Dante in the fact that the narrator of Troilus and Criseyde doesn’t completely denounce earthly love. My thoughts will be established by focusing on the final six stanzas of Troilus and Criseyde while drawing from other sources I feel are valid, including other sections of Troilus and Criseyde, Dante’s Divine Comedy, other critics’ thoughts, and Chaucer’s biography. Page 2 First I will discuss the issue of Troilus and Criseyde’s narrator ultimately agreeing with Dante’s thoughts of the Divine Comedy, that people should focus their attention on... Free Essays on The Use Of Love In Troilus And Criseyde Free Essays on The Use Of Love In Troilus And Criseyde Page 1 Scholars of Chaucer agree that Latin poet Dante influenced the former’s writing of Troilus and Criseyde. As Barry Windeatt says, â€Å"Close verbal parallels are relatively few, but there a range of significant parallels in both poets’†¦understanding of love†¦which suggest how Chaucer may have had the example of the Divine Comedy in mind as he worked on his Troilus† (125-6). The extent of Dante’s influence has remained an issue of debate, especially when talking about the closing stanzas of Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde. What exactly do the last six stanzas of Troilus and Criseyde mean? Are they a reference to Dante’s Divine Comedy, and if so, how much of a reference are they? Was Chaucer reiterating Dante’s thoughts on love, or was he mocking them? It is my argument that the narrator of Troilus and Criseyde, while not completely condemning earthly love, ultimately agrees with Dante’s implication in the Divine Comedy that people should focus their attention on the Divine Love of Go! d instead of the earthly love of humans, because it is only through God’s Love that one can reach heaven. My claim will be supported by dividing the paper into two parts. The first part will deal with how Troilus and Criseyde’s narrator is taking the Christian perspective of why humans should look towards God’s Love. The second will deal with how Chaucer deviates from Dante in the fact that the narrator of Troilus and Criseyde doesn’t completely denounce earthly love. My thoughts will be established by focusing on the final six stanzas of Troilus and Criseyde while drawing from other sources I feel are valid, including other sections of Troilus and Criseyde, Dante’s Divine Comedy, other critics’ thoughts, and Chaucer’s biography. Page 2 First I will discuss the issue of Troilus and Criseyde’s narrator ultimately agreeing with Dante’s thoughts of the Divine Comedy, that people should focus their attention on...

Life and Career Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Life and Career Planning - Essay Example It is a quite tough job which cannot be performed by everyone. The funeral home director requires massive satisfaction in their own aptitude and capabilities so as to offer well-organized and apt services in order to relieve the mournful family members, associates and friends (Bureau of Labor Statistics, â€Å"Funeral Directors†). In the research paper, varied functions and responsibilities of a funeral director or an embalmer will be discussed. Moreover, it also includes the assorted decisions and practices which are to be performed, being a funeral home director. Apart from this, it also highlights the stoutness which is mandatory for an individual hoping to become a funeral home director/embalmer. Funeral custom is one of the painful acts in an individual’s life. It is a ritual marking a person’s demise. Funeral custom varies widely. The job of funeral practice involves a lot of responsibilities and capabilities. The job of a funeral director involves enormous satisfaction in their ability to provide well-organized, appropriate services and to console grieving family members and friends. A funeral director is also known as the mortician or undertaker. The funeral home director is an expert concerned in the business of funeral rites. After being a mortician, funeral home directors perform these services for the family of the departed. These tasks include the cremation of the dead as well as the preparation and display of the actual funeral ritual. The funeral directors can handle the practices of the funeral only after specialized training and instructions. One of the important responsibilities of a funeral director is to reassure and counsel the family members u ndergoing this pain. Moreover, the embalmers also handle the operation of cleaning and protecting the remains and often restructure the damaged remains for the purpose of screening. Thus, it can be

The Harlem Renaissance and the Harmon Foundation Essay

The Harlem Renaissance and the Harmon Foundation - Essay Example This extended the requisite space and opportunity to the black creativity to flourish. It was the Caucasian real estate developer, William E Harmon, who evinced an immense interest in the African American creativity, and founded the Harmon foundation in 1922. The objective of Harmon foundation was to recognize and support African American achievements in the field of fine arts, literature, education, business, music, religious service, science, farming and race relations. Harmon foundation played an important role in promoting racial tolerance and in bringing to limelight the contributions made by the African Americans to the national culture. Hale Woodruff, Langston Hughes, Palmer Hayden, Countee Cullen and Archibald Motley were some of the noteworthy artists that were extended recognition and support by the Harmon foundation (Aberjhani & West 147). Many artists and scholars accused Harmon foundation of being paternalistic and segregated in its approach as it celebrated the works of only African American artists (Aberjhani & West 147). Harmon Foundation was also blamed for being condescending towards black artists (Aberjhani & West