Americans see through Hitlers games - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 520 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Adolf Hitler Essay Did you like this example? Many Americans had their own opinions of Hitler in the beginning stages of the Olympics. Some thought very highly of him, such as Karl von Wiegand, a Hearst correspondent who was the first American journalist to interview Hitler in 1922. Wiegand reports that he was struck by Hitlers skill with words, and his ability to whip people into a frenzy. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Americans see through Hitlers games" essay for you Create order Other Americans opinions were not so favored in Germany. People would meet him and claim, This guy is a clown. Hes like a caricature of himself. Many civilians believed that even if Hitler was able to rise to a place of power, somehow other politicians would be able to control the actions he made. Although after Hitler gained so much popularity everyone began to reassess their former claims. These opinions did not stop Hitler from gaining power in followers, leading him to become chancellor. After Hitler won the election, and he started making questionable decisions, appropriately people started questioning his actions. There were not much the civilians could do to stop him because the Nazi era was already underway. Hitler was elected chancellor in 1933 and had 3 years to establish a strong base of his inhuman plan for the Holocaust before he offered to host the 1936 Olympics to gain popularity. While the Olympic Games provided a platform to boots their adoration it also proved as a struggle to temporarily downplay the various racial policies as well as their repressive actions aimed at the Jewish. The Nazis may have done a decent job at hiding away the undesired but some Americans saw through the charade and tried to warn others. One of these men was Edgar Mowrer, the Chicago Daily News correspondent. He was a very lucky man to have a platform to voice his concern. He wrote in one of his articles, What hes (Hitler) saying about the Jews is serious. Dont underestimate him. The 1936 Olympics were more than just a worldwide sporting event, it was a show of Nazi propaganda, stirring significant conflict. The Nazis promoted an image of a new, strong, and united Germany while masking the regimeâ€⠄¢s targeting of Jews and other minority groups. And for two weeks in August, Hitlers Nazi dictatorship camouflaged its racist, militaristic character while hosting the Summer Olympics. He was also able to hide his plans for territorial expansion, the regime exploited the Games. He was able to provide many foreign spectators and journalists with an image of a peaceful, tolerant Germany witch, in reality, was quite the opposite. Off the Olympics field, the truth about what the Nazis were doing was hard to miss, the newspaper didn’t stop printing about what was really going on in the streets of Germany. It was not necessarily a secret, but Hitler did his best to hide away anyone that did not make the Arian race look superb. By 1936 Germany’s Jews were stripped of their civil rights such as citizenships along with the fact that Germany had already opened their first concentration camp. By this time most knew there was some sort of uprising going on, but a lot of people were very naive.

Poverty Of The United States - 1408 Words

When people hear the word poverty many people think of the bad connotations that come with it like, smelly homeless people that are crackheads and disease holders. Some people may even think they are uneducated or not hard working enough and rather ask for money instead of trying to get a job. Although a small portion of that may be true to some homeless people due to addictions on drugs and the toll it takes on their lives. The majority of homeless people are either veterans or immigrants, who find it difficult to find a job and support themselves or the families they might have. Trying to end poverty in the United States, isn’t a problem that can be solved overnight, but there are steps that can help ease poverty and the images and ideas†¦show more content†¦I was stunned to see a SNAP card in such a beautiful home, at first I was taken back but then I thought to myself well maybe he is going to school and his parents, although wealthy, may be showing him some form of tough love. Then I soon realized it was not just him it was his whole family receiving these benefits. The most gut wrenching thing about this whole situation, is to see the wealth these people have, and the new Range Rover the son just brought. Yet still asking and taking advantage of such a wonderful program designed to help those in poverty. In an internet article Food Stamp Fraud by Amy Gomez, a student attending Moreno Valley College, interviews people who are struggling and their thoughts about the system. Amy interviews Maria Elizabeth Villalpando, a student attending UCR and states how she was not able to receive food stamps benefits due to her parent’s income. As Amy interviewed Mary she states that her brother, David, has friends who live in the apartments a block away,and sell their food stamp card in exchange for money. â€Å"My friends will call me every couple of months and ask if I want to use the card, David Villalpando said. As the articles goes on a cas hier from Stater bros, Angeline Gonzalez claims to see food stamp fraud almost every day. I work so hard to barley get by, at times it s so frustrating to see people take advantage of these cards and sell them on the street, Gonzalez said. Many people who are on welfare have been seen drivingShow MoreRelatedThe Poverty Of The United States1727 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty defined by the American Heritage Dictionary is â€Å"lack of the means of providing material needs or comforts† (Hirokazu Yoshikawa, 2012). Poverty in the United States is an issue that is often times overlooked because the focus of poverty is on developing and struggling countries. People often think America does not experience poverty because it is such a thriving country. The problem with this is that America is indeed struggling with poverty: â€Å"there are currently 488 counties in America whereRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1548 Words   |  7 Pagescitizens in poverty has risen. Several organizations have been set up to help those who suffer from poverty and provide their everyday needs. There are always ways where a community can help eliminate the amount of people suffering poverty. Government has an influence on how much money flow there is in the United States such as the FED, which was created to help maintain a stable monetary and financial system and control the money supply. People themselves can also help from falling into poverty, butRead MorePoverty in the United States755 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty in the United States is getting in inferior quality every day and nothing is being done about it. Many people who want to help the poor, but no one knows exactly how to help them. A primary reason for people not taking action is because of lack of information that is provided about issues on poverty. Poverty is defined as the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions. According to the U.S. Census Bure au data released Tuesday September 13thRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States Essay1385 Words   |  6 Pages The Character of Poverty in America Poverty has always been a key factor in United States History. Ever sense Americas birth there have been groups affected by poverty, but the forms of the poverty that affected these groups have changed as well as the nature of poverty itself in the USA. The abolition of slavery, the forced assimilation of native Americans, and mass immigration changed character of poverty within the united states change due to an evolution from agriculture to industry and a changeRead MorePoverty Of The United States Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty within the United States is defined as â€Å"having an income below a federally determined poverty threshold. † Poverty thresholds were developed by the United States government in the 60s. Over time these thresholds are adjusted to account for inflation; it is typical to adjust the poverty threshold levels annually. They represent the government’s estimate of the point below which a family has insufficient resources to meet their b asic needs. Any family with less income than that establishedRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1531 Words   |  7 Pagessuch dialog, topics on the increasing and rather consistent levels of poverty in some regions in America are touched on as well. Poverty is defined as a condition where one’s basics needs for food, clothing, and shelter are not being met (What Is Poverty? â€Å"). From sea to shining sea, more than 15 percent of the American population live in poverty, a total of people over 46 million. Many who live in poverty within the United States live in areas that were once thriving from the country’s economic growthRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1746 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is poverty? A question most Americans will not have to think twice before answering. Poverty is, of course, simply a lack of money. The views of a specific person will defer when politics or morals are introduced, however, the idea stays the same. Those in poverty are there because they have less money than what has been decided to be livable. Poverty has changed significantly over the last two hundred years in the United States, and yet, the measurement has hardly changed since it was createdRead MorePoverty Of The United States1475 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' Poverty in the United States is defined as a social problem. As outlined in the text, a social problem is â€Å"a condition that undermines the well-being of some or all members of a society and is usually a matter of public controversy†. It is easy to see that there is a large economic divide in the United States, but with only a small percentage of people in the highest income stratification and the vast majority struggling to get by, the majority of United States citizens agree that there is tooRead MorePoverty in the United States1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Background of Poverty in America In the United States, there are about more than forty-six million people living in impoverished conditions today. Poverty is a major conflict issue in this country amongst people who are part of the lower class because American families always had a hard time making ends meet, even before the Great Recession began. Living in poverty puts them at a disadvantage because they have to choose between necessitates like health care, child care, and food in order toRead MorePoverty Of The United States1529 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty is an important issue in the United States. In fact, child poverty in the US is at its highest point in 20 years. [Flores Lesley, 2014] The poor are at a disadvantage, because they have an unfulfilled right to a good education. A majority of children attending public schools come from low-income families. It is hypothesized that a low household income correlates with poor achievement in school. A solution to poverty is for everyone to have a good educati on so everyone can be equally

Leadership People Management Organizations -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Leadership People Management Organizations? Answer: Introduction: Leadership can be defined as the ability to guide, support, inspire and motivate a group of different people working within a team. In an organisational perspective, the leaders are supposed to guide the vast group of workers of the team through their job responsibilities and performance management and achieve the primary mission and vision set by the organization. Along with that, it has to be mentioned as well that the leaders in the present organizational scenario are not just required to guide the individuals to make use of the different opportunities presented to the corporate entity and increase the performance and productivity. The present day leaders are required to overcome conflict, both personal and professional, in between a diverse group of different individuals who belong to different backgrounds and domains (Avolio and Yammarino 2013). According to the Farndale, Scullion and Sparrow (2010), the responsibilities of a leader are to play the part of co-ordination and balance in an organization. Given the present situation in the corporate leadership, the importance of a leader who is able to provide co-ordination guidance is optimal. However, it has to be mentioned in this context that performing all these attributes effectively requires the ability to manage a variety of different people, their actions and responses. However, there are various challenges and complications that have the potential to complicate the functions of an organizational leader; which only effective and successful people management skills can achieve. This essay will attempt to reflect on the link between organizational leadership and people management, and if the combination of both can overcome the present day organizational challenges effectively. Key elements of leadership and people management: Leadership can be described as one of the most core elements within the organizational hierarchy that facilitates everything related to performance and productivity in the organization and that is the reason, there are multitudes of different attributes that are needed to be able to play the role of an organizational leader effectively. First and foremost, the most important element in the leadership context is the motivation and inspiration, which is by far the most important aspect of leadership when it comes to corporate organizations. According to the Mendenhall et al. (2017), there are various challenges that an employee has to overcome on a daily basis, the growing competition as well provides extreme complexities and can easily demotivate the employees. In here the organizational leaders are the heroes for the employee by providing them guidance and support in what they have to perform and how they can handle these setbacks. It has to be understood that in case of the multinational organizational sectors, which is currently the most popular corporate setting, there are a vast variety of professional working within or in between a team, where the performance of one individual is related with another in an interdependent manner. There can be various conflicts arising in such a professional setting due to the presence of either interpersonal conflict or performance related issues. Regardless of the nature of the issue, an organizational leader has to overcome those internal conflicts and hence active people management has to be a skill that the leaders need to harbor in their armour. The importance of organizational leadership is even far stretching to supervising and empowering the followers so that they can find the confidence within themselves and can successfully overcome any organizational challenge. Along with that, change is constant in a corporate sector; and according to the Northouse (2015), chang e and resistance management is by far the most crucial leadership attribute in the present age. Considering the present global perspective of leadership, authors have commented on the need for extreme leadership that involves proactive risk taking and adequate risk management. Hence, the need for active risk management and resistance management is crucial if the leader is attempting to make the most of all the opportunities provided to him (Osland, Bird and Oddou 2012). Contextual factors and their impact: In the present situation of global perspectives it has been very clear that the needs of globalization or internationalization of an organization depends heavily upon the organizational leaders of the company and how they can effectively lead and guide the organization through the process of the expansion. In the path of this massive change, many obstacles and hurdles can complicate the process of success through the path of internationalization, and can create doubts and lack of confidence in the staff, which can eventually affect their performance and loyalty towards the organization. This is the main challenge that the present day organizational leaders have the face the most. It has to be understood in this context that the competition is the key facilitating variable governing the dynamic economy, and as a result, each of the corporate sector has to go through a constant cycle of change and improvement to keep the customers optimally satisfied and interested (Parris and Peachey 2013). However, as explained by Raelin (2011), the process of change is associated with restrictions and resistance both in the internal and external environment of the corporate entity, and in order to overcome the friction, the leaders have to employ effective and successful change management. However, it has to be mentioned in this context that change management is only successfully when the entire team complies to the procedure spontaneously, which can never be possible with the varieties of different conflicts and issue in the multicultural and diverse workforce. On a more elaborative note, the most important of these barriers is the cultural conflict. In case of any internationalising organization, among the diverse workforce in terms of both culture and professional competence, the conflicts like cultural insensitivity, incompetence, and miscommunication are the most common challenges that interrupt the work flow and affect the productivity or performance of the staff (Schein 2010). Another very important challenge that demands efficient people management from the leaders is the fact that gender diversity and discrimination is still has a profound impact on the organizational context. In addition, in the corporate world the deserving women are still treated as below their male counterparts and that is the reason of major miscommunication and internal conflict in the corporate sector. Along with that, it has to be mentioned that leaders are the only facilitator of incorporating sustainability and balance into the organization and securing a prosperous and productive future for the organization, and all these challenges and obstacles in the present day corporate scenario has made an organizational leader with apt people management skills quintessential (Tarique and Schuler 2010). Leadership theories and people management: There are many leadership theories that emphasize on the link between people management and adequate organizational leadership attributes. For instance, taking the assistance of the most pioneer leadership theory, the trait or behavioural theory of leadership entails that the leaders are born with a few qualities that help them guide, motivate and manage the performance, competence and response of the group (Kark and Shamir 2013). In this charismatic interpretation of leaders, the theory emphasizes that the most efficient leaders are focused on people not on tasks that the people are going to perform. The second theory under discussion is the more contemporary addition to the leadership theories, are the transformational and transactional leadership theory, where both of the theories take two different kinds of people management. In case of the transactional leadership approach, the leaders take up a reward and punishment take to the manag9ng the performance and productivity of the p eople working under them and in case of transformational leadership the leader attempts to employ a positivity based vision to the followers and inspire them to perform better. In both of the leadership theories, people management attempted by the leaders are antagonistic to each other; where a transactional leader attempts to a system of rewards and punishment, a transformational leader adapts the system of motivation and optimism (Wheatley 2011). The theory of democratic leadership is completely people focussed on the other hand and in this approach, the leader shares the autonomy of decision-making with the rest of the team members so that each and every member of the team has equal rights to voice their opinion and have equal standing. Real world example: Considering the real world examples, the CEO of Sony had the responsibility to revolutionalize the company and its marketing statistics completely. The task of reverting it to its former position in the league of market domination, it had been a great challenge for Howard Stringer as a new leader. Moreover, in case of internationalization of the business, the CEO received extreme challenges in expanding in Japan. However, the approach that the leader has taken was very much alike the transformational approach. Where Stringer attempted to change the viewers perception and vision regarding the brand, and attempt complete rebranding of its products and in order to successfully manage the change the leader took the transformational leadership and had been more than successful (Steers, Sanchez-Runde and Nardon 2012). Conclusion: On a concluding note, it can be stated that each of the leadership approaches have their own pros and cons and the relevance of using a particular approach depends completely on the situation and its demands from the leaders. However, the link of organizational leadership with people management is represented in all of the modern leadership styles. Although it has to be mentioned that the leadership needs for this age is sought with many challenges and obstacles and in order to overcome these challenges the leaders have to take help from transformational or democratic leadership styles, where the inspirational mode of people management is to be taken to ensure optimal performance and productivity. References: Avolio, B.J. and Yammarino, F.J. eds., 2013. Introduction to, and overview of, transformational and charismatic leadership. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. xxvii-xxxiii). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Farndale, E., Scullion, H. and Sparrow, P., 2010. The role of the corporate HR function in global talent management.Journal of world business,45(2), pp.161-168. Kark, R. and Shamir, B., 2013. The dual effect of transformational leadership: Priming relational and collective selves and further effects on followers. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. 77-101). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Mendenhall, M.E., Osland, J., Bird, A., Oddou, G.R., Stevens, M.J., Maznevski, M.L. and Stahl, G.K. eds., 2017.Global leadership: Research, practice, and development. Routledge. Northouse, P.G., 2015.Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Osland, J.S., Bird, A. and Oddou, G., 2012. The context of expert global leadership. InAdvances in global leadership(pp. 107-124). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Parris, D.L. and Peachey, J.W., 2013. A systematic literature review of servant leadership theory in organizational contexts.Journal of business ethics,113(3), pp.377-393. Raelin, J., 2011. From leadership-as-practice to leaderful practice.Leadership,7(2), pp.195-211. Schein, E.H., 2010.Organizational culture and leadership(Vol. 2). John Wiley Sons. Steers, R.M., Sanchez-Runde, C. and Nardon, L., 2012. Leadership in a global context: New directions in research and theory development.Journal of World Business,47(4), pp.479-482. Tarique, I. and Schuler, R.S., 2010. Global talent management: Literature review, integrative framework, and suggestions for further research.Journal of world business,45(2), pp.122-133. Wheatley, M., 2011.Leadership and the new science: Discovering order in a chaotic world. ReadHowYouWant. com.

Analysis The Financial Statment Of Tesco And Next PLC Company

Question: Describe about performance, ratio analysis and Non Financial Performance of the Tesco and Next plc company? Answer: Introduction According to the overall analysis of the financial statement analysis of the companies Tesco and Next plc are listed over the London stock exchange. There are certain criteria after analysis of those we can easily identify the current market performance of both the companies Tesco plc and Next plc (Fridson and Alvarez, 2011). Next plc is an UK based company which is based on the certain criteria of the organization. The company generally deals with the household products like cloths, footwear, accessories and home products. There are 500 stores in the different countries in all around the world. As per the based on the market performance the company next plc is performing well in the market as company is having huge number of customer base. After the overall analysis of the stock performance of the next plc company is performing well in the market. The revenue of the company Tesco plc is around 62,284 million as Tesco Company has been declined due certain market impact on the business strategies of the company is showing that company is reducing -2.40% every year. The revenue growth rate of the company Tesco is also declined by -1.10% whereas in the last 10 years average revenue share data shows that company is growing with the rate of 11.80% every year. For next plc company revenue is around 4000 million whereas the revenue of the company is around 13.66 million. As per the growth rate of the company next plc which is showing that company is growing with the different abilities where the organization i s growing in next 10 years. The average revenue growth of the company is growing by 10% every year of the growth rate 8.70% which is approx showing that average revenue per share growth of the company is around 8.10% respectively. Performance As per the annual report of the company Tesco, it is seen that the revenue growth has decreased from 2012 to 2013 and has increased from the 2013 to 2014. The revenue growth rates of Tesco are -0.80% in 2013 and 0.24% in 2014 (Bekaert Hodrick, 2009). In case of the company Next Plc, the revenue growth rates are 3.54% in 2013 and 4.97% in 2014. So, the growth rate of revenue of Next Plc is improving. The following graphs shows the revenues and growth of both companies. Chart 1: Revenues of Tesco Chart2: Growth Rate of Revenues of Tesco Chart 3: Revenues of Next Plc Chart4: Growth Rate of Revenues of Next Plc Ratio Analysis Liquidity ratio Liquidity is the ability of an organization to fulfill the debt obligations of short period. Liquidity ratios determine the present position of an organization to meet the short-term obligation. It also shows how company is efficient to maintain the liquid assets to cover the short-term obligations. (a) Current Ratio Particulars Tesco Next Plc 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Current Assets 12,353 12,465 13,085 1,139.9 1,207.8 1,468.1 Current Liabilities 19,180 18,703 20,206 742.4 816 834.5 Current Ratio 0.644056 0.666471 0.64758 1.535426 1.480147 1.759257 Current ratio determines the financial performance of an organization in terms of liquidity. It indicates the ability of an organization to fulfill the sort-term liabilities with available short-term assets. The standard norm of current ratio is 2 or 1. According to the calculation, it is seen that the current ratio of the Tesco is below 1 but it is stable over the period (Eun Resnick, 2009). The current ratios of the Tesco are 0.64, 0.67 and 0.65 in the year of 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. On the other side, the current ratios of Next Plc are 1.53, 1.48 and 1.75 in the year of 2012, 2013 and 2013 respectively. The current ratios of Next Plc are greater than 1 and near to 2 and are not stable over the period. It has decreased from 2012 to 2013 and has increased from 2013 to 2014. (b) Quick Ratio Particulars Tesco Next Plc 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Current Assets 12,353 12,465 13,085 1,139.9 1,207.8 1,468.1 Current Liabilities 19,180 18,703 20,206 742.4 816 834.5 Inventory 3,598 3,744 3,576 371.9 331.8 385.6 Quick Ratio 0.456465 0.466289 0.470603 1.034483 1.073529 1.297184 Quick ratio of an organization indicates the ability to cover the short-term obligations through utilizing of most liquid assets. The standard norm of quick asset is generally 1. Here, the quick ratios of Tesco are 0.45, 0.46 and 0.47 in the year of 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. On the other side, the quick ratios of Next Plc are 1.03, 1.07 and 1.29 in the year of 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. The quick ratio of Tesco is below the standard but it is stable over the period (Vance, 2009). In case of Next Plc, the quick ratio covers the standard. So, it can be said that the company Next Plc able to maintain adequate quick assets to cover the short-term obligation. (c) Net Working Capital Particulars Tesco Next Plc 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Current Assets 12,353 12,465 13,085 1,139.9 1,207.8 1,468.1 Current Liabilities 19,180 18,703 20,206 742.4 816 834.5 Net Working Capital (6,827) (6,238) (7,121) 398 392 633.6 Net working capital is determined by deducting the current liabilities from the current assets. The net working capital of Tesco is negative. So, it can be said that the company is not efficient to maintain working capital to run operational activities or the company is not maintain adequate level of capital to meet the expenses related with the operational activities (Robinson, 2009). Profitability Ratio Profitability ratio of a company helps to describe the profitability situation of the company. Profitability ratios are very helpful to determine the efficiency and overall performance of an organization. Here, three profitability ratios are selected for the identifying and measuring the profitability situation of the chosen two companies (TESCO and Next Plc). These ratios are explained below: (a) Gross Profit Margin Particulars Tesco Next Plc 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Gross profit 5,397 4,089 4,010 1,045.3 1,125.8 1,240.1 Sales 63,916 63,406 63,557 3,441.1 3,562.8 3,740 Gross profit margin 0.084439 0.064489 0.063093 0.303769 0.315987 0.331578 Gross profit margin describes the earning capability of an organization against the costs which are incurred for the producing of product and services. It implies how the company is able to achieve at basic level and how much the organization is efficient to utilize the available resources. It also determines the ability of an organization to maintain and control the costs associated with the production. Gross profit margin helps to measure the manufacturing and distribution efficiency of the company during the production process (Penman, 2010). The higher gross profit margin indicates that organization is more efficient to obtain the profit against each unit of sales. The profitability performance of two companies can also be compared as per the gross profit margin. According to the analysis, it is found that the company Next Plc is more efficient to earn the gross profit than the Tesco. The gross profit margins of Tesco are 8.45%, 6.45% and 6.30% in the year of 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. So, it indicates that it is decreasing over the period. On the other side, the gross profit margins of Next Plc are 30.37%, 31.59% and 33.15%. So, the gross profit margin of Next Plc has improved over the period which is good signal for the company. According to the gross profit margin, it can be said that the profitability position of Tesco is poor comparing to the Next Plc. (b) Operating Profit Margin Particulars Tesco Next Plc 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Operating profit 4,182 2,382 2,631 601.8 695.1 722.8 Sales 63,916 63,406 63,557 3,441.1 3,562.8 3,740 Operating profit margin 0.06543 0.037567 0.041396 0.174886 0.195099 0.193262 Operating profit margin helps to determine the ability of an organization to earn the profit after incurring the production and operating expenses but before interest expenses and tax. From the calculation, the operation profit margins of the company Tesco are 6.53%, 3.75% and 4.13% in the year of 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. On the other side, the operating profit margins of the company Next Plc are 17.48%, 19.50% and 19.32%. As per the graph, it is found that the operating profit margin of company Tesco is falling over the period(McCue Nayar, 2009). On the side, the operating profit margin of the company Next Plc is stable over the period. (c) Net Profit Margin Particulars Tesco Next Plc 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Net profit 2,814 24 970 474.8 508.6 553.2 Sales 63,916 63,406 63,557 3,441.1 3,562.8 3,740 Net profit margin 0.044027 0.000379 0.015262 0.137979 0.142753 0.147914 Net profit margin of an organization finds out the each amount earned against the revenue after covering the all the expenses associated with the business operation. This ratio is considered is considered as the key ratio to measure the profitability position of an organization (Higgins, 2009). An organization said to be more efficient if the organization achieves higher net profit margin. According the analysis, the net profit margins of the company Tesco are 4.40%, .03% and 1.52% in the year of 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. On the other side, the net profit margins of the company Next Plc are 13.79%, 14.27% and 14.79% in the year 2012, 2013 and 2014. So, it indicates the performance of Tesco is very poor comparing to the Next Plc. It may be the company Tesco is not able to main the costs. The net profit margin of Tesco was very poor in 2013. Activity Ratio (i) Inventory Turnover Particulars Tesco Next Plc 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Cost of goods sold 58,519 59,317 59,547 2,395.8 2,437 2,499 Inventory 3,598 3,744 3,576 371.9 331.8 385.6 Inventory Turnover 16.26431 15.84322 16.65185 6.442054 7.344786 6.480809 Activity ratio is generally based on the overall financial rotation activities done within a organization for the certain period of time (Gibson, 2012). The more frequent turnover shows the higher efficiency of the organization. Here in this organization Tesco and Next plc for the last three financial years 2012 to 2014 is mainly based on the financial abilities of the company to convert their production activities into sells to generate revenue for the organization. Here Tesco plc is showing that inventory turnover of the organization is increasing year by year from the financial year 2012 to 2014 whereas the company Next plc is fluctuating with their inventory turnover ratio which is showing that company is not able to generate as much as turnover from flexibility of inventory than Tesco company. (ii) Account Receivable Turnover Particulars Tesco Next Plc 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Sales 63,916 63,406 63,557 3,441.1 3,562.8 3,740 Account Receivable 2,657 2,525 2,190 699.1 718.1 808 Account Receivable Turnover 24.0557 25.11129 29.02146 4.922186 4.961426 4.628713 Account receivable turnover is calculated generally on the basis of the credit sales from the debtors converted into sells for the organization. Here the retail company Tesco is showing that company is having lower amount of the days to generate cash for the organization within given period of time which is quickly done in compare to their competitors. There are certain activities are mainly based on the financial status of the debtors of the organization (Gibson, 2012). On the other hand the company Next plc is showing days to convert their sells into cash activities. As per the overall analysis of the companies is showing that turnover of the Next plc is doing well in the market as per the debtor convertibility in the market. (iii) Total Assets Turnover Particulars Tesco Next Plc 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Sales 63,916 63,406 63,557 3,441.1 3,562.8 3,740 Total Assets 12,863 13,096 15,572 1,854.2 1,893.6 2,144.6 Total Assets Turnover 4.968981 4.841631 4.081492 1.855841 1.881496 1.743915 As per the assets turnover of the company is showing that companys revenue generating activities which is mainly based on the financial activities of the company while acquiring the assets of the organization (Fridson Alvarez, 2011). As per the assets turnover ratio of the company Tesco and next plc is showing that company Next plc is more efficient to convert their assets into cash liquidity of the organization at the time of the requirement. There are also showing that company Tesco is having 4.84 in the financial year 2013 and which decreases in the financial year 2014 are. As per the overall analysis of the turnover of the assets for both the company is showing that both the company is performing well in terms of controlling of their assets turnover time period activities. Gearing Ratio (i) Interest Coverage Ratio Particulars Tesco Next Plc 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 EBIT 4,038 1,960 2,259 608.4 695.5 723.5 Interest Expenses 114 317 143 28.9 29 28.3 Interest Coverage Ratio 35.42105 6.182965 15.7972 21.0519 23.98276 25.56537 According to the analysis, it is found that the interest coverage ratios of Tesco are 35.42, 6.18 and 15.79 in the year of 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. It has decreased at very high rate from 2012 to 2013. Then, it has increased from 2013 to 2014(Fabozzi Peters, 2009). On the other hand, the interest coverage ratios of Next Plc are 21.05, 23.98 and 25.56 in the year of 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. So, it indicates that the interest coverage ratio of Next plc is improving over the period. Therefore, in overall, it can be said that the interest expenses of the company Tesco is fluctuating. (ii) Long term Debt to Asset Ratio Particulars Tesco Next Plc 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Long term Debt 1,838 766 1,910 656.5 566.8 801.7 Total Assets 12,863 13,096 15,572 1,854.2 1,893.6 2,144.6 Long term Debt to Assets Ratio 0.14289 0.058491 0.122656 0.354061 0.299324 0.373823 Long-term debt to assets ratios of Tesco are 0.14, 0.05 and 0.12 in the year of 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively (Eun Resnick, 2009). On the other side, long-term debt to assets ratios of Next Plc are 0.35, 0.29 and 0.37 in the year 2012, 2013 and 2013 respectively. So, it indicates the proportion of long-term debt and total assets of Tesco are lower than the Next Plc. This ratio is fluctuating for both the companies. (iii) Equity Multiplier Particulars Tesco Next Plc 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Total Assets 12,863 13,096 15,572 1,854.2 1,893.6 2,144.6 Shareholder's Equity 402 403 405 222.7 285.6 286.2 Equity Multiplier 31.99751 32.49628 38.44938 8.325999 6.630252 7.493361 Equity multiplier describes the efficiency of an organization to convert the operational activities into assets. The equity multipliers of Tesco are 31.99, 32.49 and 38.44 in the year of 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. On the other hand, the equity multipliers of Next Plc are 8.32, 6.63 and 7.49 in the year of 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. So, it is seen that the ratio of Tesco is higher than the Next Plc. So, it can be said that the company Next Plc is more flexible in assets converting activities (Bekaert Hodrick, 2009). Non Financial Performance The basic guide focused around fundamentals of Tesco Plc and what all should I look at. The focus was on quality of management and the enhancements and module work which Tesco Plc is attending to. The mentor guided me that skills and learning Assessment and TESCO Plc leaders should work with business leaders to make the necessary investments in TESCO Plc data and process standardization, analytical tools, TESCO Plc skills in using data to support decision making and change management among business leaders, so to achieve business impact with workforce analytics. The human resources function has long struggled to move from being predominantly an administrative function to one that can seamlessly deliver both administrative processes and strategic business value. While human resources will always remain a support function, its overall mission is to enable the business to evaluate workforce-related risk and select the best approach in terms of organization and staffing, skills development, employee retention, and company culture in order to meet strategic objectives. Workforce analytics is one of the most impactful ways for TESCO Plc professionals to engage with business leaders across the organization to evaluate their business practices and business performance from a workforce perspective. In "Defining Workforce Analytics," Gartner presents workforce analytics as the usage of data and metrics based on TESCO Plc data to support workforce-related business decisions: at the individual operational level, as it relates to specific TESCO Plc processes, within strategic KPI frameworks monitoring the execution of strategy, or at the most strategic level in evaluating strategic investment options. Business performance metrics and analytics across sales, marketing and finance organizations are frequently an integral part of tracking and examining how well any business is able to forecast and meet targets in order to deliver sustainable added value for stakeholders. Other business operations metrics around volumes, efficiency, costs, timeliness, satisfaction levels, among others, are a widely accepted part of the running of any business. Measurement and monitoring is seen as an important part of ensuring strong execution to meet long-term strategic business objectives. When it comes to workforce-related metrics, however, most business leaders in many organizations do not look beyond a core set such as head count, employee engagement scores per annual or biannual surveys, and employee turnover or attrition. Recommendation and conclusion According to the overall analysis, it can be said that the profitability position of Tesco is poor comparing to the Next Plc. The company is not efficient and able to control and manage the both the direct and indirect expenses. So, the company should focus on expenses and should take necessary steps to improve the profitability position. Reference Bekaert, G., Hodrick, R. (2009). International financial management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Eun, C., Resnick, B. (2009). International financial management. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Fabozzi, F., Peterson Drake, P. (2009). Finance. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Fridson, M., Alvarez, F. (2011). Financial statement analysis. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Gibson, C. (2012). Financial statement analysis. Mason, Ohio: South-Western. Gibson, C. (2012). Financial statement analysis. Mason, Ohio: South-Western. Higgins, R. (2009). Analysis for financial management. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin. McCue, M., Nayar, P. (2009). A Financial Ratio Analysis of For-Profit and Non-Profit Rural Referral Centers. The Journal Of Rural Health, 25(3), 314-319. doi:10.1111/j.1748-0361.2009.00236.x Penman, S. (2010). Financial statement analysis and security valuation. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Robinson, T. (2009). International financial statement analysis. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Vance, D. (2009). Ratios and other tools for analysis, control and profit. Cranbrook, Kent: Global Professional Pub. Higgins, R. (2012).Analysis for financial management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Huber, C. and Scheytt, T. (2013). The dispositif of risk management: Reconstructing risk management after the financial crisis.Management Accounting Research, 24(2), pp.88-99. Dou, X. (2013). Artificial Neural Network Models Based Financial Risk Forewarning Management and Analysis of Listed Company.AMM, 446-447, pp.1381-1386. Dimpfl, T. (2014). A note on cointegration of international stock market indices.International Review of Financial Analysis, 33, pp.10-16. Bezborodova, Y. (2013). The analysis of financial statements as approach to the assessment of financial stability of the enterprise.The Russian Academic journal, 24(2).

A report on the structure and nature of sexual harassment

A report on the structure and nature of sexual harassment Abstract Sexual harassment may be perceived by different individuals differently depending on their circumstances and the other parties involved. This experiment aimed at determining the effect of the status of the harasser on the perception of sexual harassment by the victim.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on A report on the structure and nature of sexual harassment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The experiment was carried out in an academic setting where it involved professors, teaching assistants and students as participants in the study. The circumstances under which sexual harassment occurred as perceived by the victim were particularly analyzed. The study was based on the hypothesis that the perception that sexual harassment had occurred increased as the status of the harasser increased. Introduction Most organizations have sexual harassment policies that are defined in terms of the behaviors that constitu te sexual harassment. It is important to understand if variables other than the behavior of the harasser influence people’s perceptions of sexual harassment. Tata (1993) found that several factors including harasser status affected perceptions of sexual harassment in a work setting. The purpose of the present experiment was to investigate the effect of the status of the harasser on perceptions of sexual harassment in an academic setting. I hypothesized that as the status of the harasser increases, so is the perception that sexual harassment has occurred. Method The experiments to determine the effect of the status of the harasser on the perceptions of sexual harassment was done in an academic setting involving students, teaching assistants and professors. The age, the number of times the harassment had occurred and the likely reason of sexual harassment were recorded from various participants in the study. In all the studies, sixty three participants from each of the three ca tegories of participants were studied. The study particularly considered the gender and the race of the participants and the effect the two had on sexual harassment of the victims. After collecting data using questionnaires and direct interviews from the various participants in the study, the data was then analyzed using well known methods of data analysis. The results were then tabulated the analyses presented in form of graphs that were easy to interpret.Advertising Looking for case study on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Results The frequencies of sexual harassment based on gender indicated that more females encountered sexual harassment compared to their male counterparts. The frequencies of sexual harassment based on race indicated that Hispanics had experienced the most incidents of sexual harassment, followed by Asians, Native Americans then blacks in that order. Lowest incidences of sexual harass ment were recorded among the whites. These results were consistent for all the three categories of participants. Descriptive statistics for all the three categories of the participants in the study indicated the largest deviation among professors, followed by the teaching assistants then lastly the students. The results were then analyzed and presented using graphs. The first category of graph analyzed the sexually harassed individuals against their status, that is, whether they are students, teaching assistants or professors. The results of the analysis indicated that more proffesors had been sexually harassed, followed by teaching assistants then students. The second category of graph analyzed the reasons that led to the sexual harassment against the status of the individual participants. The results still indicated that for each of reason leading to sexual harassment, more professors had been victims of sexual harassment, followed by teaching assistants then lastly students. Disc ussion From the experiment, the professor category was found to have experienced the most incidences of sexual harassment, followed by teaching assistants, then students. This was mainly due to the age factor. Professors were of a more advanced age, followed by the teaching assistants then finally the students. Having lived for longer meant they had been through more circumstances that warranted sexual harassment. The fact that the professors have experienced more sexual harassment can also be explained by the change in times. During the earlier days, societies were very conservative and hence the cases of harassment were rare. The behavior that was portrayed by the people of the yesteryears was not as aggressive as that we see today. The images, actions and the behavior of the generations today tend to be very sexually oriented. Therefore, the older people might misunderstand the actions of some of the younger people as amounting to sexual harassment.Advertising We will wri te a custom case study sample on A report on the structure and nature of sexual harassment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The same case is true as the age brackets differ. Younger generations, having been exposed to too much sex from a young age may not realize that some actions towards them actually amount to sexual harassment. This is because the line between flirtation and sexual harassment has become thinner. Considering the gender, more women reported sexual harassment compared to men. This was mainly because; women are more susceptible to sexual harassment than men. In some cases, women may consider accidental contact with men as sexual harassment, a situation that a man would not actually consider as sexual harassment. Finally, the race of the participants also determined whether they were sexually harassed or not. The issue of race was quite sensitive in the study since some races would feel discriminated, therefore considering sex ual harassment in more circumstances than other races. Generally, Hispanics reported more harassment both by members of their own race and by members of the other races. Hispanics were reportedly the most frequent harassers against all the other races. There was a general perception by members of given races to consider sexual harassment more from members of other races than their own. Hispanics and blacks in America have a culture that is against â€Å"snitching†. This is reporting what another person has done to the authorities even if it was a crime. This culture has caused many cases of violent crime to be unreported to the police and thus, the commission of these crimes continues to proliferate. Experts have drawn a line between commission of violent crimes and rape. They have promoted the theory that these crimes are about the assertion of power, thus a violent person is very likely to commit a rape. This fact may be the reason why Hispanics report the largest number of sexual harassment cases as they usually go unreported and thus unpunished hence ensuring the repetition of the crimes over and over again and in turn incurring more victims. Reference Tata, J. (1993). The structure and phenomenon of sexual harassment: Impact of category of sexually harassing behavior, gender and hierarchical level. United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing.Advertising Looking for case study on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Hundred year war essays

Hundred year war essays The definition of the Golden Rule is that those with the gold make the rules. In other words, those with the gold have the power as well as those with the power have the gold. History books will discuss the general reasons for war such as freedom from adversity or freedom from religion. But the real issue for any war is the thirst for power and control; and the means to finance them are the economic issues. Nations will endure years of fighting for power and control. France and England fought each other for more than a hundred years to have control of the Channel trade routes. 1 This century of warring was known as The Hundred Years' War and is the longest war in record history. It began in 1337 when King Edward III invaded Normandy and ended in 1453 when France won the Battle of Bordeaux. However, it was not a hundred years of constant battle; there were periods of truces in between. 2 One cause for the Hundred Years' War was the claim to the French throne. The conflict began when the direct line of succession died without a male heir and the nobles decided to pass the crown to a cousin, Philip of Valois. But this left two other male cousins equally deserving of the crown; Charles, King of Navarre and Edward III, King of England. 3 Edward III claimed that he himself was deserving of the throne because his mother was the sister of the late French king, while Philip VI was only a cousin. But according to French law, no women could inherit the throne, nor could the crown be inherited through a woman. 4 "Philip of Valois chances of becoming King of France had been remote and he had not been brought up as the future lieutenant of God on Earth. Philip VI spent much of his resources on entertainment and finery with gay abandon." 5 This caused conflict with the king's subjects. Since the king was considered to be sacred and inviolable, neither cousin would challenge Phil...

Second most income for saudi arabia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Second most income for saudi arabia - Essay Example The country’s stability in both its religious and economic status makes it one of the most prestigious Islamic States. Saudi Arabia’s strict adherence to Sharia Law and religious rituals has made the country a significant religious center in the world. The country is largely occupied by the Sunni Muslims, who account for more than a third of the total population in Saudi Arabia. This essay will cover the impact of the two pilgrimages, Hajj and Umrah in Saudi Arabia’s economy while also citing the respective countries that attend these pilgrimages. The Hajj and Umrah are important rituals in the Islam religion; the practices are conducted for religious dedications as well as acts of solidarity among the Muslims in the entire world. For instance, the Hajj pilgrimage is attributed to the great prophet Muhammad, which dates back to the seventh century. Although Umrah is optional unlike Hajj Muslim turn in great numbers to mark the practice, which is symbolic of their Islamic faith. The Hajj is a requirement for all Muslims at some point of their lives as long as they are financially and physically able. The continuous practice of these two pilgrimages over the years have not only improved Saudi Arabia’s economy but also strengthened the Islamic faith among Muslims worldwide. Millions of Muslim visitors who go to perform the annual Hajj and Umrah spend billions of dollars in Mecca. Al-Monitor states that the revenues generated from Hajj and Umrah in 2012 were about 62 billion riyals, which were a 10% increment compared to the previous year. The reports also indicate that out of the three million pilgrims who attended the Hajj ritual in 2012, 1.7 million were foreign visitors. The pilgrims were organized according their nationalities, out of the 189 different countries that the pilgrims had come from. According to Al-Monitor, the expert sources that provided the estimate statistics also indicated

Work and how it has changed in the past 100 years and what effect it Essay

Work and how it has changed in the past 100 years and what effect it has had on resource managers - Essay Example There is email that promises communication without delay, facebook that shows the current status of friends, colleagues and peers, and skype that allows the people to interact with one another without having to visit one another or spend money on calling one another. In the contemporary age, people do not need to pay a dime in order to communicate with one another live 24 / 7 if they pay their internet and electricity bills in time. Skype plays the role of videoconferencing in both the e-businesses as well as the brick and mortar businesses. As the name implies, the human resource department has approach to many candidates who want to be part of the firm. Human resource department is a department that supplies humans to an organization for work just like a mineral resource provides us with minerals. From time to time, as per the need of the hour, human resource department keeps hiring new employees. The employees are hired according to the gaps identified in the existing organization structure, so that it becomes stronger and more effective when the gaps thus identified are filled in. The difference between the work culture that existed 100 years ago and that which exists today is fundamentally that of the difference between a brick and mortar business and an e-business. In the conventional brick and mortar business, candidates are necessarily interviewed before their selection into the organization.

Thomas Treadwell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Thomas Treadwell - Essay Example There was a great transformation in American thinking intellectually, socially and politically. Treadwell was a patriot who joined the others in fighting the American loyalists and British to replace the royal government based in Massachusetts. In 1787, the year in which the constitutional convention took place, Thomas Treadwell was a judge of the court of the court of probate. He had been in this position from the beginning of 1778. This convention took place in Philadelphia to address the problems that had been experienced from the time of revolution in governing the United States of America (USC). Many had disputes about the election and composition of the Senate. The bone of contention was the definition of proportional representation. This was the question of inclusion of slaves or other property. There also questions on presidential elections, whether judges should be chosen by executive or by the law, whether to allow abolition of slave trade, and how long the presidential term would be. Many had also argued that presidential power ought to be divided between three persons and that executive power must not be left to one person. Thomas Treadwell was most interested in the constitutional convention of 1787 because at the time he was a judge which was one of the major issues that this convention was to address. The convention would address whether they would be chosen by the state laws or by the president and whoever else that was part of the executive. Treadwell being a specialist in laws would be affected by this convention across the board even as he moved into different posts. Between 1786- 1789 he gave his service in the New York State senate (USC). He viewed the constitutional convention as a platform through which Americans would come up with new laws to govern there nation’s operations. Treadwell was actively part of the delegation which first agreed on the principles of the convention. This

Primark as a Subsidiary of ABF: Expansion Strategy

Primark as a Subsidiary of ABF: Expansion Strategy Primark is a subsidiary company within the Associated British Foods group. ABFs core values are shared taking care of our people, being good neighbours and fostering ethical business relationships along with the groups overriding principles in relation to human rights, employment conditions, business practices, suppliers and other stakeholders. Primarks success is led by a unique combination of fast fashion and lean operations with most based in India and Bangladesh. The first Penneys store opened in Mary Street, Dublin in June 1969 and within a year four more stores were added in the Greater Dublin area. Within a year, four more stores were added all in the Greater Dublin area. In 1971, the first large store outside Dublin was opened in Cork and by the end of that year there were 11 more stores in Ireland and one in Northern Ireland and the numbers of stores increasing to 18 by the end of 1973. In 1984, 5 more stores were added after acquisition from Woolworth. From 1984 to 1994 a further 13 stores were added in the UK and 12 in Ireland, bringing the total to 66 stores 32 in the UK and 34 in Ireland. Primark had a milestone year in 1995 with the development of the UK business following the acquisition of the BHS One-Up discount chain. This led to adding of 16 stores to the UK business in London area. The next major development occurred in 1999 with the acquisition of 11 stores from the Co-Op, including Reading. The Reading property, after much refurbishment, also facilitated the much-needed relocation of the UK buying offices. In 2000, C A retreated from the UK. Primark acquired 11 of their stores which brought store numbers to 108, consisting of 75 in UK and 33 in Ireland (Primark, 2010). A new store opened in Blanchard town, Dublin in 2001 and the numbers of stores was reached a figure of 108. It was followed by two new stores in Glasgow and Birmingham. At the end of 2001, the number of stores had grown to 109 (75 in UK and 34 in Ireland). In 2002, two major stores were opened in Glasgow and Birmingham. In the period of 2004-2005, 14 new stores were opened, and in 2005, six stores were acquired from Allders, three of which opened in 2006. In July 2005, the acquisition of Littlewoods stores by ABF plc which comprised an estate of 120 premises was completed, of which 41 stores were transferred to Primark. With an eye on global markets, Primark decided to go few step further by expanding its stores in Spain in 2006. After successful expansion in Spain, Primark decided to develop its market by entering Netherlands (Rotterdam) in December 2008, May 2009 in Germany (Bremen and Frankfurt) and December 2009 Belgium (Lià ¨ge). Despite the great expansions, internal capabilities to maintain healthy profits and lean operations, Primark, a cut-price clothes retailer, have had some ongoing bad press about their suppliers over the last couple of years including news about the use of child labour to produce their goods (Corporate EYE, 2009). The discount clothing chain beloved of bargain hunters, has been rated the least ethical place to buy clothes in Britain in 2005. Primark scores just 2.5 out of 20 on an ethical index that ranks the leading clothing chains on criteria such as workers rights and whether they do business with oppressive regimes. Mk One and Marks Spencer were ranked second and third worst for ethics by Ethical Consumer magazine (The Independent, 2005) PP protested outside stores in six cities drawing shoppers attention to the true cost of their clothes, collecting hundreds of signatures from shoppers and reaching an even wider audience through the press coverage they generated in 2005. Ethical Consumers criticised the company for not having a code of conduct, selling leather goods and environmentally-damaging PVC products and for operating in an oppressive regime China. According to Ethical Consumer, those people shopping in Primark because the prices are low, they must be aware that they are low for a reason (Ethical Consumer, 2010) Also Panorama puts Primarks claims that it can deliver cheap, fast fashion without breaking ethical guidelines to the test. Posing as industry buyers in India, the programmes reporter Tom Heap and his team find some of Indias poorest people working long, gruelling hours on Primark clothes in slum workshops and refugee camps far away from the Primark approved and inspected factories; breaking promises on child labour, working hours and wages. When presented with the results of the investigation Primark sacked a number of its suppliers and announced it was setting up a childrens foundation. Primark said it was unaware of the actions of its suppliers. They say they represent a tiny proportion of their supply chain and that its reinforcing its stringent ethical standards in meetings with suppliers (BBC, 2005) Companies often say that they are responsible but failing to recognize the real meaning and need of being ethical can affect a business in many ways. It is very important for businesses to operate in such a manner that if wont affects their reputation. This was the case with Primark who clearly failed to tackle the ethical issues well and ended up in the position of being the least ethical. Its ignorance of the interests of society led to many unsatisfied customers protesting against them. As corporate social responsibility refers to the moral obligations placed on organisations to act in ways which protect and improve the interests of the communities with which they interact and this may be in respect of local, regional, national or international communities, and relates both to social institutions and culture, and the physical environment, Watkinson Report (1973) has summed the essence of social responsibility as followed: A company should behave like a good citizen in business. The law does not (and cannot) contain or prescribe the whole duty of a citizen. A good citizen takes account of the interests of others besides him and tries to exercise an informal and imaginative ethical judgment in deciding what he should or should not do. This, it is suggested, is how companies should seek to behave. (Watkinson, 1973) Although the above statement seems quite reasonable, there is considerable debate about the extent to which organisations should respond and take on, to some extent, these kinds of responsibility. We can say that most organisations have accepted that they should, where resources permit, acknowledge at least some degree of responsibility above and beyond the law in respect of the concerns of society. Companies are, therefore, increasingly developing strategies to put this into effect, and in parallel, also developing strategies to enhance their reputation and using their socially responsible actions to build their image. Some of the main strategies for implementing social responsibility by companies are: Environmentally-Conscious Green Working Practices and Outputs with putting concern about the environment into practice means adopting policy and procedures that conserve and replenish resources, through such actions as: Ethical purchasing policies, Recycling waste products and using recycled products, Reducing the amount of physical resources used where they are not directly connected to the production process, or necessary within that (e.g. avoiding excessive packaging) and Energy conservation policies (GreenWorking, 2010) Social Accounting and Social Audit in order to assess how well an organisation is meeting its obligations to the society in which it operates, it has been suggested that it should compile a social balance sheet. This interesting idea reverses many of the points of classical accounting: for example, in terms of profit and loss, taxes paid by the organisation are treated as revenue (because they accrue to society) whereas fees and payments to the organisation are treated as costs (because they are paid by society). Society is seen as evaluating what it puts into the company and what it gets out of it. Social audit draws attention to the fact that a firms gain can sometimes be a loss to society (ASAN, 2009). Support for Community Projects using the term community to refer to the constituency served by the organisation: local, regional, national, international. Organisations support a wide variety of non-profit-making projects, such as theatre groups, concerts, sporting events. Ethical Outsourcing refers to the way in which operations are outsourced and the commitments made, and action taken, about the treatment of workers in outsourced operations. Is this particular case, Primark struggled as it failed to show the commitment made towards their suppliers. As in recent years the subject of corporate social responsibility has widened into what is generally referred to as business ethics. Ethics can be defined as moral philosophy which teaches people their duty and the reasons for it. Therefore, it can be said that ethics are principles concerned with interpersonal behaviour. If they are such principles, then: They should be universally applicable; they should provide the standards by means of which the conduct of people can be compared and they can be taught, and thus help to establish generally acceptable standards of conduct. Many business and professional groups, for example in the legal and medical fields, have adopted codes of conduct for their membership which help to establish a standard of acceptable behaviour and these in turn help to further ethical practices. After many draw backs, this is the case with Primark. Primark has developed strong code of conduct and started putting strong focused on ethical trading as they find out soon that the way in which organisations perform their activities within society has an effect both on society in general and on individuals and their values. The question how we can offer good quality fashion at low prices is now answered highlighting their success basing on big volumes, low mark-ups, and minimal advertising. The business responds quickly in the marketplace, and has short lines of management, good buying and excellent distribution. Being firm but fair with their suppliers, and offer terms that compare favourably with those of our competitors is key to their success. In fact, more than 95% of their factories are shared with other brands. Learning from the past, Primark is firmly committed to improving the ethical performance of their business and that of their suppliers and their factories. Primark recognises that as with other retailers, the key challenges in terms of endemic non-compliances remain control of working hours, unauthorised sub-contracting, minimum wages and the definition of a living wage. Working conditions are the most common cause of non-compliance but typically the easiest and quickest to address. The root causes of such poor practice in the supply chain are complex and Primark has a four-fold strategy for supporting compliance with the Code and live up to our ethical standards: supplier selection, auditing, remediation and training (Primark, 2010). Primark also supports many local charitable organisations, community projects, families and individuals across the UK and Ireland throughout the year.    Strategies that firm can Implement Primark has internal capabilities to for growth and analysing its external environment, it is suggested that Primark can invest in growth and further expansion with the focus on market development. The difficulty here lies in deciding which financial aspect to measure, since a companys financial situation represents different things to different people. For example: Shareholders in the company are mainly interested in the returns they receive for the money they have invested in terms of dividends paid and increases in share values. On the other hand, financiers, who have provided funds through loans to the company, are more interested in the risks which these represent as shown by its gearing ratio of debt/equity. Those who are suppliers of goods, services or materials to the company are mostly concerned about its liquidity and its ability to pay for such items in the short term. The companys employees are also interested in its liquidity, as this affects its ability to pay salaries. The Porters Generic Strategy Model including three strategies; cost leader, differentiator or focus/niche where Primark has placed clearly them as cost leader in the market. It has been a success adopting this strategy and therefore to maintain the position as a cost leader is beneficial for Primark. Direction of a strategy can take several different forms such as withdrawal from the market, either full or partial; can be the correct direction to take. Consolidation within a growing market is another strategic option. Market penetration is the third option which means taking advantage of opportunities to increase market share. The ease with which this can be done will depend, as with consolidation, on the current state of the market. If it is a growing market then penetration may be relatively easy, if the market is static it will be much more difficult due to the activities of larger market shareholders. In declining markets the scope for penetration will depend to a large extent on whether or not others are leaving it. Product development is another option and is often carried out by companies in order to cater for changes in consumer demands. Market development is often carried out by companies developing new markets whilst trying to maintain their position in their current market(s). One of the ways market development can be achieved is by companies starting to expanding or engaging in international trade. Diversification is an other direction which companies can take and enter into other products and/or markets, by means of internal or external development. When a company develops beyond its present product and market whilst remaining in the same area, this is described as related diversification. By developing products internally rather than using outside agencies, the company can have the advantage of using skills and knowledge acquired during the development in order to market the product more effectively. Similarly, developing new markets through the use of internal staff helps the sales force to better understand the market. Acquisition is another option. One of the advantages of acquisition as a method of carrying out a strategy is that it enables the company to obtain new products or markets very quickly. In order to test the effectiveness of acquisition Drucker has suggested five simple rules: (i) The acquiring business must consider what value it can add to the acquired business. This may include management, technology, distribution, etc. Finance is necessary but unlikely to be sufficient on its own. (ii) A common core of unity must exist between the businesses in terms of markets, products, technology, etc. This helps to create a common culture or at least sympathy between the two separate ones. (iii) The acquiring companys management must understand the business being acquired. (iv) The acquiring company must put a quality management team quickly into the acquired business. (v) The acquiring business must be able to retain the best management from both businesses. One of the ways that businesses develop is through franchises, where the franchiser is Responsible for setting up an outlet (such as Spudulike or Kwik Print) and for marketing, training, etc., and the franchise holder undertakes specific activities such as selling. Joint ventures are arrangements between organisations which remain independent but have an equal share in the new organisation. In these arrangements the assets are jointly managed but can be separated. These are organisations which are innovative and regularly the first to bring new products into the marketplace. Such a company is likely to be powerful, with a large share in the market and having high resources. It will gain a competitive advantage from being first into the market. However, leaders have to have the necessary strategies to: protect their current market share; encourage existing customers to increase their demand; attract and retain new customers; update the product design/service for its customers; introduce new products to new markets. In order to carry out these strategies, the company needs to adopt a policy of: innovation by always being ahead of its competitors; and fortification by pursuing activities which are aimed at keeping the competition down (ABE/CSP, 2004) It is best suggested that Primark should take more advantage of globalisation and utilise the opportunity to develop new markets for the growth. It can be done by entering more international trading blocks such as European countries or expansion of market through new marketing mix such as improving product distribution by use of internet order and deliver system for customers. Diversification could be a option for the investment and add a sub strategic unit depending on the internal capabilities and external opportunities. However, as Primark has been performing strong in its existing operating business, it would be beneficial to choose a strategy related to market development and keeping the same product. Globalisation and technology As it would be hard to set one definition for globalisation, in generally globalization can be defined as the interdependence, connectivity and integration on a global level with respect to the social, cultural, political, technological, economic and ecological levels. Globalisation came to be seen as more than simply a way of doing business, or running financial markets it became a process. From then on the word took on a life of its own. Centuries earlier, in a similar manner, the techniques of industrial manufacturing led to the changes associated with the process of industrialisation, as former country dwellers migrated to the cramped but booming industrial cities to tend the new machines (Guardians, 2010). As the main advantage of can be seen as globalization increases the economic prosperity and opportunity in the developing world. It also enhances the civil liberties and there is a more efficient use of resources. All the countries involved in the free trade are at a profit which results in lower prices, more employment and a better standard of life in these developing nations. It is feared that some developing regions progress at the expense of other developed regions. However, such doubts are futile as globalization is a positive-sum chance in which the skills and technologies enable to increase the living standards throughout the world. Liberals look at globalization as an efficient tool to eliminate penury and allow the poor people a firm foothold in the global economy. In two decades from 1981 to 2001, the number of people surviving on $1 or less per day decreased from 1.5 billion to 1.1 billion. Simultaneously, the world population also increased. Thus, the percentage of such p eople decreased from 40% to 20% in such developing countries (The World Bank, 2009). Globalisation has benefits in such a way that more economies and societies can take advantage. It has major effect on world market and it has resulted in many advantages. As the efforts of WTO have been paying hard to reduce barriers between the countries to promote international trade, it has been a major aspect of global economy. Goods and people can be now transferred with more ease and speed rather ten those traditional ways involving heavy documentation. One of the major points to be noted for the developing countries is the settlement of their own countries. It also increases the trade opportunities between the two countries that have dispute and by doing so it leads to avoidance of unnecessary disputes or wars. It also increases free trade between other countries and builds new or stronger relationship between nations. One of the biggest advantages is to be observed in the media sector. Global media connects all the people in the world. Not only the trade but also cultures and traditions have been transferred by people in ti all other countries leading to better understanding of cultures, religions and beliefs of each other. The society is more becoming like a global village. It also increases the interdependence of the nation states. Investment of developed countries in developing ones increases which has resulted from increased liquidity of capital. It also results in more flexibility of corporation of corporations to operate across borders increases. Effects of globalisation includes enhancement in the information flow between geographically locations. It will lead to more competition as well as new product development as the global market will be competing with new innovation which can be animated across the globe. The global common market has a freedom of exchange of goods and capital. It is more likely that companies successful in home countries will expand and take advantage of global market. From consumers point of view, it increases the choice, style and quality of same products as companies compete for the market share which will lead to reduction of prices. It has increased foreign investment, including import/export, joint ventures and foreign direct investment. Production options are also increased for the companies to produce worldwide depending on the suitability for the organisation. Free circulation of people of different nations leads to social benefits. Global environmental problems like cross-boundary pollution, over fishing on oceans, climate changes are solved by discussions easier than before. Globalisation has also led to more innovations for the solution of telecommunication by use of communication satellites, the Internet, and wireless telephones. It has also resulted in the launch of criminal courts and international justice movements. The standards applied globally like patents, copyright laws and world trade agreements are increased to protect the rights of the inventor over the whole world. Corporate, national and sub-national borrowers have a better access to external finance and therefore, worldwide financial markets have emerged. International travel and tourism has increased and this has led to more cultural diversity. Worldwide sporting events like the Olympic Games, Cricket Wold Cup and the FIFA World Cup are held globally in selected countries and it has been easier for spectators to follow the games whether through media or attending the event including music and film indu stries. Cross cultural contact increases and there is cultural diffusion all leading to increasing the desire to use foreign ideas and products. This will result in increased immigration between the countries and also give opportunities to local consumer products to be exported to other countries. Due to development of containerization for ocean shipping, the transportation costs are reduced. Technological developments are conceived as the main facilitator and driving force of most of the globalization processes. In simple definition, technology can be seen as the socialized knowledge of producing goods and services by the use of technological resources. Technology has five important elements: production, knowledge, instruments, possession and change. Technology improves our capacity to produce effective and efficient. Technology can also be defined as Know-How to produce products or services better then the competitors using resources in such a manner to gain a competitive advantage over your competitor. Technology is a result of intellectual activities and therefore, technology is type of intellectual property. Today technology is developed through research and development institutions as integral parts of the universities. Instruments are mostly physical such as computers, vacuum cleaners or pencils, but sometimes there are immaterial instruments too, such as databases or algorithms in computer programming. Those people who possess technology also control it. Controlling technology has usually something to do with economics and politics. Therefore we can speak of technologically rich and poor countries and the struggle among them usually in the forms of patents, transfers and protection of intellectual rights. Technological factors also include ecological and environmental aspects, such as RHYPE RLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDD activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. They can determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Furthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation. (ABE/OB, 2005) Globalisation can be seen as market expansion, concerned with extending the area in which a business operates, so that more potential customers are aware of the products or services you are providing. It also includes extending your operation in different countries. Very often organisations cannot operate at full efficiency unless they take advantage of technological factors that help them to operate globally. The need to compete has continued to grow, so that, having covered a country, the next step is to move over a continent, and then finally to sell your products/services worldwide. Most capital goods companies have moved into overseas markets as their home markets become saturated. As more and more companies become multinational corporations, so more and more service organisations such as insurance companies, have been forced to follow because these multinationals are their clients. Exporting is a method of market expansion and is usually the first step towards international tra ding. This is often followed by the business setting up locations in other countries, where its products are manufactured as well as marketed, in order to take advantage of the local availability of raw materials, or of cheap labour, thus reducing transport costs. Technology factors such as transportation and telecommunication are vital. In the case of overseas investment, it is important to have Know-How to operate effectively and efficient in the new selected market. Apart from transportations technologies, telecommunication will play a major part as overseas department or productions points will be controlled from the head office using telecommunications such as internet and phones. This next stage in development towards global trading is for the organisation to locate some of its manufacturing, distribution or marketing operations overseas will involve all major technological factors. An international business applies marketing operations across national frontiers and will usual ly have subsidiaries established in its major markets. It may even export from these subsidiaries using the technology available to them including transfer of information. Multinational companies operate in a large number of different countries. They differ mainly from international companies in terms of scale and of attitude. National identities almost disappear and managers see the world as a whole, although having local differences. Technology aspects such as research and development and innovations are key factors for those organisations. On the other hand, the technology has supported globalisation heavily and it rapidly increases the efficiency to operate effective in global markets through telecommunications, navigation, satellite, transportations and RD. (ABE, MIO) Conclusion Primark is a subsidiary company within the Associated British Foods group. ABFs core values are shared taking care of our people, being good neighbours and fostering ethical business relationships along with the groups overriding principles in relation to human rights, employment conditions, business practices, suppliers and other stakeholders. Primarks success is led by a unique combination of fast fashion and lean operations with most based in India and Bangladesh. After much criticism, Primark recognises that as with other retailers, the key challenges in terms of endemic non-compliances remain control of working hours, unauthorised sub-contracting, minimum wages and the definition of a living wage. Working conditions are the most common cause of non-compliance but typically the easiest and quickest to address. As the main advantage of can be seen as globalization increases the economic prosperity and opportunity in the developing world. It also enhances the civil liberties and t here is a more efficient use of resources. Technological factors also include ecological and environmental aspects, such as RHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDD activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. They can determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Furthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation. Sources Used Managing in Organisation, 2004, Association of Business Executives Organisation Behaviour, 2004, Association of Business Executives Corporate Strategy and Planning, 2004, Association of Business Executives Examples of how Technology Affects Processes in Global Business and e-Business:: http://www.securebusinessresource.com/Examples%20of%20how%20Technology%20Affects%20Processes%20in%20Global%20Business%20and%20e-Business.htm ASAN Social accounting and social audit http://www.asan.org.uk/page.php?identity=social_accounting_and_audit Green working (2010) www.eastsussex.gov.uk/environment/climatechange/working/ Bbc king of no frills fashion http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4466986.stm Primark (2010) www.primark.co.uk/ethical/trading Corporate Eye (2009) http://www.corporate-eye.com/blog/2008/06/handling-a-crisis-at-primark/ Primark is named as least ethical clothes shop By Martin Hickman Consumer Affairs Correspondent Thursday, 8 December 2005 http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/primark-is-named-as-least-ethical-clothes-shop-518600.html Ethical consumer, Panorma puts Primark on the rach http://www.ethicalconsumer.org/EthicalConsumerBlogs/tabid/62/EntryId/201/Panorama-puts-Primark-On-The-Rack.aspx Business Social responsibility (1973), Watkinson Report www.submityourarticle.com/articles/easypublish.php?art_id Guardians What is globalisation? http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/oct/31/globalisation.simonjeffery The World Bank (2009) Globalisation http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTDECINEQ/Resources/1149208-1169141694589/GlobalisationandConvergence.pdf

Canadian Trade Balance Analysis :: essays research papers

Canada   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Canadian economy and the United States economy tend to move together because of the amount of transactions that take place within the two nations due to their geographical proximity. With the United States recently experiencing a downturn in the economy, analysts estimate that the Canadian economy will not be far behind. However, in the past 10 years the Canadian economy and especially the trade balance have been very healthy. Current Account   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since 1992, Canada has increased their amount of exports of goods year-in and year-out until slight downfalls in 2001 and 2002. However, between 1992 and 2000 they raised exports from $135 billion to $289 billion, an increase of 114%. Imports of goods also rose consistently over that nine year period from $128 billion to $244 billion. The key fact there though is that imports rose only 90% compared to a rise in exports of 114%. This has allowed Canada to maintain a very healthy trade balance, which has also risen consistently except for a few decreases in 1997, 1998, and 2002. They have not run a trade balance deficit on goods once since 1992.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Canada’s trade balance for services is similar to their trade balance for goods from a growth perspective, but with fewer breakdowns. Both exports and imports of services took very small hits in 2001. Overall, between 1992 and 2003 exports and imports of services rose 105% and 65% respectively. However with services the Canadian economy continually ran a deficit over this 12 year period.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Canada’s overall balance of goods and services also rose every year except for 1997, 1998, and 2002. They initially were running an overall deficit in 1992 and 1993 from a larger deficit in services than surplus in goods. The most common trend that is evident is that every trade category dropped in 2001 and/or 2002. There were no real substantial drops and the declines were quickly met with increases in the following years. It is likely that Canada’s economy felt at least some of the effects of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 because they are such a large trading partner of the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The statistics indicate that Canada has primarily been an investor abroad, with substantial amounts of cash flows leaving the country. Again, both of these accounts grew almost every year. Between 1992 and 1997, funds received dropped only once in 1993. Likewise, funds invested abroad dropped only once within this time interval in 1996.

Ramayana Divine Loophole

Shaquille Burnett World Lit. 6th period Rama is the main character and superhero of this story. The main character is a hero, who is often possessed of supernatural abilities or qualities. Rama displays his supernatural abilities by being able to pick up a strong edged bow. Also later in the story he has the ability to fly and having the power to neutralize an arrow and fly a chariot. The hero is charged with a quest.Rama has to leave, because sita has two wishes and one of them is exiling him to the forest for 14 years. His wife is kidnapped and wants revenge on ravanna. The hero is tested, often to prove the worthiness of himself and his quest. By facing ravanna on his journey is challenging his worthiness and it tested him on his quest to revenge. The presence of numerous mythical beings, magical and helpful animals, and human helpers and companions, monkeys were part of the magical quest helping Rama to defeat ravanna.The hero’s travels to take him to a supernatural world, often one that normal human beings are barred from entering a forest where there are magical and numerous mythical beings. Rama and his family are happy after years of being in the forest and from being there they destroyed the evil creatures. The cycle must reach a low point where the hero nearly gives up his quest or appears defeated. Rama almost loses; he did not want to beat his enemy by faint. Ravana persuades sita to marry him, Rama and his army undertakes ravana and his army in a fierce battle and reunites with sita.

The Upstairs Room essays

The Upstairs Room essays In the story, The Upstairs Room, by Johanna Reiss, the setting is emphasized. This story takes place during the Holocaust, a very important significant time in history. The Upstairs Room is about the lives of two Jewish sisters during the war, but it focuses on the events happening around them. During the story, the two sisters, Sini and Annie, went into hiding so they wouldnt be sent to a concentration camp. This showed how at this time all Jews men, women, and children were in danger of being sent away to a concentration camp and fighting for their lives. Sini and Annie were confined to the upstairs of the house in which they were being kept in secrecy. They could never go into town and they usually had to stay in bed when company was over so they didnt make any noise. The lives that these girls were living represented the lives of all Jews in hiding during the Holocaust. During the war, the German soldiers would go to town and randomly select people off the streets to work for them. Because of this, the family hiding Sini and Annie also had to be careful. They had to limit the times they went to town to buy food and other necessary items. When they did go to town they had to make sure they didnt do anything suspicious to make people wander if they were hiding Jews. They couldnt buy too much food or material for clothes because they didnt before the war and they wanted people to think everything was the same. In the story one of the major events that took place would be listening to the radio every evening. The family, Sini, and Annie would gather around the radio and listen to hear any new news about the progress of the war. On the radio stories of Hitler would be told. One story mentioned was about the gas chambers at the concentration camps. The broadcaster said that people at the camps were told they were allowed to receive a shower, but instead of water, gas would come ...

Free Essays on The Use Of Love In Troilus And Criseyde

Page 1 Scholars of Chaucer agree that Latin poet Dante influenced the former’s writing of Troilus and Criseyde. As Barry Windeatt says, â€Å"Close verbal parallels are relatively few, but there a range of significant parallels in both poets’†¦understanding of love†¦which suggest how Chaucer may have had the example of the Divine Comedy in mind as he worked on his Troilus† (125-6). The extent of Dante’s influence has remained an issue of debate, especially when talking about the closing stanzas of Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde. What exactly do the last six stanzas of Troilus and Criseyde mean? Are they a reference to Dante’s Divine Comedy, and if so, how much of a reference are they? Was Chaucer reiterating Dante’s thoughts on love, or was he mocking them? It is my argument that the narrator of Troilus and Criseyde, while not completely condemning earthly love, ultimately agrees with Dante’s implication in the Divine Comedy that people should focus their attention on the Divine Love of Go! d instead of the earthly love of humans, because it is only through God’s Love that one can reach heaven. My claim will be supported by dividing the paper into two parts. The first part will deal with how Troilus and Criseyde’s narrator is taking the Christian perspective of why humans should look towards God’s Love. The second will deal with how Chaucer deviates from Dante in the fact that the narrator of Troilus and Criseyde doesn’t completely denounce earthly love. My thoughts will be established by focusing on the final six stanzas of Troilus and Criseyde while drawing from other sources I feel are valid, including other sections of Troilus and Criseyde, Dante’s Divine Comedy, other critics’ thoughts, and Chaucer’s biography. Page 2 First I will discuss the issue of Troilus and Criseyde’s narrator ultimately agreeing with Dante’s thoughts of the Divine Comedy, that people should focus their attention on... Free Essays on The Use Of Love In Troilus And Criseyde Free Essays on The Use Of Love In Troilus And Criseyde Page 1 Scholars of Chaucer agree that Latin poet Dante influenced the former’s writing of Troilus and Criseyde. As Barry Windeatt says, â€Å"Close verbal parallels are relatively few, but there a range of significant parallels in both poets’†¦understanding of love†¦which suggest how Chaucer may have had the example of the Divine Comedy in mind as he worked on his Troilus† (125-6). The extent of Dante’s influence has remained an issue of debate, especially when talking about the closing stanzas of Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde. What exactly do the last six stanzas of Troilus and Criseyde mean? Are they a reference to Dante’s Divine Comedy, and if so, how much of a reference are they? Was Chaucer reiterating Dante’s thoughts on love, or was he mocking them? It is my argument that the narrator of Troilus and Criseyde, while not completely condemning earthly love, ultimately agrees with Dante’s implication in the Divine Comedy that people should focus their attention on the Divine Love of Go! d instead of the earthly love of humans, because it is only through God’s Love that one can reach heaven. My claim will be supported by dividing the paper into two parts. The first part will deal with how Troilus and Criseyde’s narrator is taking the Christian perspective of why humans should look towards God’s Love. The second will deal with how Chaucer deviates from Dante in the fact that the narrator of Troilus and Criseyde doesn’t completely denounce earthly love. My thoughts will be established by focusing on the final six stanzas of Troilus and Criseyde while drawing from other sources I feel are valid, including other sections of Troilus and Criseyde, Dante’s Divine Comedy, other critics’ thoughts, and Chaucer’s biography. Page 2 First I will discuss the issue of Troilus and Criseyde’s narrator ultimately agreeing with Dante’s thoughts of the Divine Comedy, that people should focus their attention on...